Chiarlone Sara Antonia, Gori Andrea, Ravetta Serena, Armani Andrea, Guardone Lisa, Pedonese Francesca, Bavetta Salvatore, Fiannacca Caterina, Pussini Nicola, Maurella Cristiana, Razzuoli Elisabetta
Section of Ponente Ligure, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Martiri 6, 17056 Savona, SV, Italy.
Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, PI, Italy.
Animals (Basel). 2025 Jan 20;15(2):286. doi: 10.3390/ani15020286.
Milk has been consumed by humans for thousands of years for its nutritional properties. In recent years, raw milk demand has increased, valued for its authenticity and connection to local traditions. In Italy, the sale of raw milk is allowed exclusively through direct sale from the producing farm to the final consumer, either at the producing farm itself or through vending machines. However, the consumption of raw milk is not without risks. Among these, microbiological ones are relevant. These can lead to severe symptoms, particularly in vulnerable populations. For this reason, although consumers are advised to boil raw milk before consumption, producing farms in Italy are required to meet the microbiological criteria outlined in the Provision of 25 January 2007. In this retrospective study, the results of the analyses performed on 355 raw milk samples collected in Liguria between 2014 and 2023 for the detection of spp., spp., , , and O157 were analysed to better characterise the associated risk for consumers. The samples were collected during official controls by the local veterinary health services at vending machines of seven producing farms. Overall, six samples tested positive for , while only one sample tested positive for subsp. , Serovar Veneziana. , , and O157 were never responsible for non-compliances. Interestingly, three of the six samples positive for derived from the same producer. In farms where positive samples were detected, certain structural and/or operational non-compliances were identified. It can be concluded that, although the scenario in question does not present any cause for concern, it is nevertheless essential to implement a series of preventive measures in order to guarantee the safety of raw milk. These measures include the implementation of biosecurity practices, the maintenance of strict hygiene protocols during milking, and the adherence to the cold chain distribution protocol until the final stage of distribution.
数千年来，人类一直因其营养特性而饮用牛奶。近年来，生牛奶的需求有所增加，因其原汁原味以及与当地传统的联系而受到重视。在意大利，生牛奶仅允许通过从生产农场直接销售给最终消费者的方式进行销售，可在生产农场内或通过自动售货机进行。然而，饮用生牛奶并非没有风险。其中，微生物风险较为突出。这些风险可能导致严重症状，尤其是在易感人群中。因此，尽管建议消费者在饮用前将生牛奶煮沸，但意大利的生产农场必须符合2007年1月25日规定中列出的微生物标准。在这项回顾性研究中，对2014年至2023年期间在利古里亚收集的355份生牛奶样本进行分析，以检测 spp.、 spp.、 、 以及O157，从而更好地描述与消费者相关的风险特征。这些样本是在当地兽医卫生服务机构对七个生产农场的自动售货机进行官方检查期间采集的。总体而言，六个样本检测出 呈阳性，而只有一个样本检测出 亚种 、血清型威尼斯亚纳呈阳性。 、 以及O157从未导致不符合规定的情况。有趣的是，六个 阳性样本中有三个来自同一生产商。在检测出阳性样本的农场中，发现了某些结构和/或操作不符合规定的情况。可以得出结论，尽管所讨论的情况没有引起任何担忧，但实施一系列预防措施以确保生牛奶的安全仍然至关重要。这些措施包括实施生物安全措施、在挤奶过程中保持严格的卫生规程，以及在配送的最后阶段之前遵守冷链配送规程。
