Institute of Neuroscience, 212 Lewis Integrative Science Building, University of Oregon, Eugene 97405, OR, USA.
Behav Brain Res. 2013 May 15;245:63-75. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2013.02.010. Epub 2013 Feb 20.
Damage to the hippocampus, as first demonstrated with patient HM, results in a profound anterograde and temporally-graded retrograde amnesia. The observation that older memories could still be consciously recollected led to the proposal that, over time, information initially processed in the hippocampus is stored in a distributed cortical network. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) has recently been implicated in this process. Studies in rodents have demonstrated that the ACC is necessary for recalling behaviors learned a month or more in the past, but not for the same behaviors learned the previous day. Precisely how the ACC contributes to the recall of remote memories is unknown. Is this role distinct from myriad others proposed for the ACC, or has the approach taken in these studies of assessing function at different points after learning provided a new window through which to view established processes? The present review seeks to address this question. First, the data will be presented implicating the ACC in recall of remote memory. This will be followed by a discussion of studies describing two other primary roles of the ACC, mediating attention and premotor planning, with an emphasis on data collected in rodents, as these will be most directly comparable to the memory studies presented. The available evidence supports a connection among these roles, and suggests a possible synthesis for otherwise seemingly disparate functions reported for the ACC.
海马体损伤，正如患者 HM 首次证实的那样，会导致严重的顺行性和时间梯度逆行性遗忘。观察到较旧的记忆仍然可以被有意识地回忆起来，这导致了这样的假设，即随着时间的推移，最初在海马体中处理的信息会存储在分布式皮质网络中。最近，前扣带皮层（ACC）被认为参与了这个过程。在啮齿动物中的研究表明，ACC 对于回忆一个月或更早之前学习的行为是必要的，但对于前一天学习的相同行为则不是必需的。ACC 如何有助于回忆遥远的记忆尚不清楚。这个角色是否与 ACC 提出的无数其他角色不同，或者在学习后不同时间点评估功能的方法是否为我们提供了一个新的视角来看待已建立的过程？本综述旨在解决这个问题。首先，将介绍数据表明 ACC 参与了对遥远记忆的回忆。接下来将讨论描述 ACC 的另外两个主要作用的研究，即调节注意力和运动前计划，重点是在啮齿动物中收集的数据，因为这些数据与所呈现的记忆研究最直接相关。现有的证据支持这些作用之间的联系，并为 ACC 报告的其他看似不同的功能提供了一个可能的综合。
