Department of Clinical Psychology, Graduate School of Applied and Professional Psychology, Rutgers University, 152 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8020, United States.
Conscious Cogn. 2013 Jun;22(2):430-41. doi: 10.1016/j.concog.2013.01.009. Epub 2013 Mar 1.
Various forms of anomalous self-experience can be seen as central to schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders. We examined similarities and differences between anomalous self-experiences common in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, as listed in the EASE (Examination of Anomalous Self Experiences), and those described in published accounts of severe depersonalization. Our aims were to consider anomalous self-experience in schizophrenia in a comparative context, to refine and enlarge upon existing descriptions of experiential disturbances in depersonalization, and to explore hypotheses concerning a possible core process in schizophrenia (diminished self-affection, an aspect of "ipseity" or minimal self). Numerous affinities between depersonalization and schizophrenia-spectrum experience were found: these demonstrate that rather pure forms of diminished self-affection (depersonalization) can involve many experiences that resemble those of schizophrenia. Important discrepancies also emerged, suggesting that more automatic or deficiency-like factors--probably involving self/world or self/other confusion and erosion of first-person perspective--are more distinctive of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders.
各种形式的异常自我体验可以被视为精神分裂症和其他精神障碍的核心。我们研究了 EASE（异常自我体验检查）中列出的精神分裂症谱系障碍中常见的异常自我体验，以及已发表的严重人格解体描述中的异常自我体验之间的异同。我们的目的是在比较的背景下考虑精神分裂症中的异常自我体验，细化和扩大人格解体中的体验障碍的描述，并探索关于精神分裂症中可能存在的核心过程（自我情感减弱，“自我”或最小自我的一个方面）的假设。在人格解体和精神分裂症谱系体验之间发现了许多相似之处：这些表明，相当纯粹的自我情感减弱形式（人格解体）可能涉及许多类似于精神分裂症的体验。也出现了重要的差异，这表明更自动或类似缺陷的因素——可能涉及自我/世界或自我/他人的混淆和第一人称视角的侵蚀——更能区分精神分裂症谱系障碍。
