Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA.
Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2013 Apr;10(4):353-61. doi: 10.1089/fpd.2012.1285. Epub 2013 Mar 4.
Monitoring antimicrobial resistance trends among bacteria isolated from food animals and people is necessary to inform public policy regarding appropriate antimicrobial use. Our objectives were to describe the antimicrobial resistance status of Salmonella isolates from dairy cattle in the northeastern United States and to identify trends in resistance to various antimicrobial agents over time. Data were collected retrospectively for all bovine Salmonella isolates that were obtained from samples submitted to Cornell University's Animal Health Diagnostic Center between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2011. Temporal trends in the prevalence of resistant Salmonella were investigated for each antimicrobial agent using the Cochran-Armitage trend test. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on 2745 bovine Salmonella isolates from clinical samples submitted during the study period. Overall resistance to each antimicrobial agent ranged from 0% (amikacin, ciprofloxacin, and nalidixic acid) to 72.0% (sulfadimethoxine). There was evidence of a significantly decreasing trend in prevalence of resistance to most agents: amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (AUG), ampicillin (AMP), cefoxitin (FOX), ceftiofur (TIO), ceftriaxone (AXO), chloramphenicol (CHL), chlortetracycline (CTET), florfenicol (FFN), kanamycin (KAN), neomycin (NEO), oxytetracycline (OXY), spectinomycin (SPE), streptomycin (STR), sulfadimethoxine (SDM), sulfisoxazole (FIS), and tetracycline (TET). Among the 265 isolates that were tested using the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) panel, the most common resistance patterns were pansusceptible (54.0%), AUG-AMP-FOX-TIO-AXO-CHL-KAN-STR-FIS-TET (18.1%), and AUG-AMP-FOX-TIO-AXO-CHL-STR-FIS-TET (12.1%). Increasing prevalence of S. enterica serovar Cerro over the course of the study period presumably had an impact on the observed resistance trends. Nevertheless, these results do not support the notion that the current level of antimicrobial use in dairy cattle is driving an increase in the emergence and dissemination of drug-resistant Salmonella in the region served by the laboratory.
监测从食用动物和人体中分离出的细菌的抗生素耐药趋势对于制定有关抗生素合理使用的公共政策是必要的。我们的目标是描述美国东北部奶牛中分离出的沙门氏菌的抗生素耐药状况，并确定随着时间的推移，各种抗生素的耐药趋势。数据是从 2004 年 1 月 1 日至 2011 年 12 月 31 日期间提交给康奈尔大学动物健康诊断中心的所有牛源沙门氏菌分离株的样本中回顾性收集的。使用 Cochran-Armitage 趋势检验法调查了每种抗生素的耐药沙门氏菌流行率的时间趋势。对研究期间提交的临床样本中的 2745 株牛源沙门氏菌进行了抗生素敏感性测试。对每种抗生素的总体耐药率从 0%（阿米卡星、环丙沙星和萘啶酸）到 72.0%（磺胺二甲氧嘧啶）不等。大多数药物的耐药率呈显著下降趋势：阿莫西林/克拉维酸（AUG）、氨苄西林（AMP）、头孢西丁（FOX）、头孢噻呋（TIO）、头孢曲松（AXO）、氯霉素（CHL）、金霉素（CTET）、氟苯尼考（FFN）、卡那霉素（KAN）、新霉素（NEO）、土霉素（OXY）、壮观霉素（SPE）、链霉素（STR）、磺胺二甲氧嘧啶（SDM）、磺胺甲噁唑（FIS）和四环素（TET）。在使用国家抗生素耐药性监测系统（NARMS）面板测试的 265 株分离株中，最常见的耐药模式为全敏感（54.0%）、AUG-AMP-FOX-TIO-AXO-CHL-KAN-STR-FIS-TET（18.1%）和 AUG-AMP-FOX-TIO-AXO-CHL-STR-FIS-TET（12.1%）。在研究期间，血清型塞拉热河谷沙门氏菌的流行率增加，这可能对观察到的耐药趋势产生了影响。尽管如此，这些结果并不支持当前奶牛中抗生素的使用水平正在推动该实验室服务区域中耐药沙门氏菌的出现和传播增加的观点。
