California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, University of California-Davis, San Bernardino Laboratory, USA.
Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
J Vet Diagn Invest. 2022 May;34(3):354-375. doi: 10.1177/10406387211057469. Epub 2021 Nov 11.
Enteritis, colitis, and enterocolitis are considered some of the most common causes of disease and death in horses. Determining the etiology of these conditions is challenging, among other reasons because different causes produce similar clinical signs and lesions, and also because some agents of colitis can be present in the intestine of normal animals. We review here the main bacterial and viral causes of enterocolitis of horses, including spp., type A NetF-positive, type C, , , , other clostridia, , , , equine rotavirus, and equine coronavirus. Diarrhea and colic are the hallmark clinical signs of colitis and enterocolitis, and the majority of these conditions are characterized by necrotizing changes in the mucosa of the small intestine, colon, cecum, or in a combination of these organs. The presumptive diagnosis is based on clinical, gross, and microscopic findings, and confirmed by detection of some of the agents and/or their toxins in the intestinal content or feces.
肠炎、结肠炎和肠结肠炎被认为是马最常见的疾病和死亡原因之一。确定这些疾病的病因具有挑战性，部分原因是不同的病因产生相似的临床症状和病变，也因为一些结肠炎的病原体可能存在于正常动物的肠道中。我们在这里回顾了引起马肠结肠炎的主要细菌和病毒原因，包括产肠毒素大肠杆菌、A型诺如病毒阳性、C 型产气荚膜梭菌、轮状病毒、冠状病毒、其他梭菌、类志贺邻单胞菌、肠球菌、真杆菌、密螺旋体、弯曲杆菌、梭杆菌，以及其他梭菌、类志贺邻单胞菌、肠球菌、真杆菌、密螺旋体、弯曲杆菌、梭杆菌。腹泻和腹痛是结肠炎和肠结肠炎的标志性临床症状，大多数这些疾病的特征是小肠、结肠、盲肠的黏膜坏死性变化，或这些器官的组合发生变化。推测诊断基于临床、大体和显微镜检查结果，并通过在肠内容物或粪便中检测到一些病原体及其毒素来确认。
