School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
Physiol Behav. 2013 Sep 10;121:89-95. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2013.02.013. Epub 2013 Feb 28.
The foods that tend to be rejected by children include those which may have greatest importance for later health. This paper reviews some of the intrinsic and extrinsic influences on preschool children's eating behavior, with particular reference to their acceptance of new foods into their diet. Factors conceptualized as intrinsic to the child in this review include sensory processing, taste perception, neophobia, and temperament. The important extrinsic determinants of children's food acceptance which are reviewed include parental and peer modeling, the family food environment, infant feeding practices including breastfeeding and age at weaning, concurrent feeding practices including restriction, pressure to eat, prompting and reward, and the taste & energy content of foods. Children's willingness to accept new foods is influenced by a wide range of factors that likely have individual and also interactive effects on children's willingness to taste, and then continue to eat, new foods. The literature lacks longitudinal and experimental studies, which will be particularly important in determining interventions most likely to be effective in facilitating children's acceptance of healthy foods.
儿童往往会拒绝某些食物，而这些食物对他们日后的健康可能具有重要意义。本文综述了一些内在和外在因素对学龄前儿童饮食行为的影响，尤其关注他们对新食物的接受程度。本综述中，被认为是儿童内在因素的包括感官处理、味觉感知、新事物恐惧症和气质。本文还综述了影响儿童食物接受度的重要外在决定因素，包括父母和同伴的榜样作用、家庭食物环境、包括母乳喂养和断奶年龄在内的婴儿喂养实践、包括限制、强迫进食、提示和奖励在内的同时喂养实践，以及食物的味道和能量含量。儿童对新食物的接受意愿受到多种因素的影响，这些因素可能对儿童尝试新食物的意愿以及随后继续食用新食物的意愿产生个体和交互影响。文献中缺乏纵向和实验研究，这对于确定最有可能促进儿童接受健康食物的干预措施将特别重要。
