Department of Human Nutrition, Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland.
Department of Cardiology, Congenital Heart Diseases and Electrotherapy, Silesian Center for Heart Diseases, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland.
Nutrients. 2023 Jul 18;15(14):3185. doi: 10.3390/nu15143185.
Food neophobia is an aversion to eating or a reluctance to try unfamiliar or new foods. From an evolutionary perspective, this behaviour may minimise the risk of consuming foods that are harmful to health. However, such aversion causes food monotony, which may result in nutritional deficiencies. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of feeding problems among Polish children aged 2-7 years using the Montreal Children's Hospital Feeding Scale and to investigate the correlation between age, gender, mode of feeding in infancy, including complementary feeding, and the prevalence of feeding difficulties in the study group of children.
The study group consisted of 585 children: 299 boys (51.11%) and 286 girls (48.89%). The study was conducted using a questionnaire-based method, with an indirect survey technique using a web-based form (CAWI). The research tool used was the Montreal Children's Hospital-Pediatric Feeding Program.
Groups with the lowest risk feeding problems, risk 0, comprised 445 children (76.06%); group 1, middle difficulties, 59 children (10.08%); group 2, moderate difficulties, 40 children (6.84%); and group 3, most difficulties, 40 children (7.01%). The mean MCH-FS score for the entire study group was calculated and was 37.29 points ± 12.02; for 2 year olds, 35.69 points; for 3 year olds, 37.41 points; for 4 year olds, 38.31 points; for 5 year olds, 38.46 points; for 6 year olds, 37.95 points; and for 7 year olds, 36.06 points. The mean value of the MCH-FS scale for girls was 37.44 points, and for boys, 37.32 points. None of the above parameters correlated with the risk of feeding problems, including age, except with a non-significative tendency to be higher in the youngest age.
Breast milk feeding and the time of complementary feeding (CF) in the study group did not influence the risk of feeding problems. Using the full BLW method during CF can protect the child against the occurrence of feeding problems such a food selectivity or picky eating in the future. In our study, children with difficulties during CF, mainly the vomiting reflex, were more likely to develop feeding problems such as food neophobia. Based on our study, we did not observe a correlation between age, gender, and the occurrence of feeding problems, and there was only a non-significant tendency to be higher in the youngest age. However, further research needs to be undertaken to assess how such behaviour affects subsequent feeding difficulties.
使用蒙特利尔儿童医院喂养量表评估 2-7 岁波兰儿童的喂养问题发生率，并探讨年龄、性别、婴儿喂养方式（包括补充喂养）与研究组儿童喂养困难发生率之间的相关性。
研究组包括 585 名儿童：299 名男孩（51.11%）和 286 名女孩（48.89%）。使用问卷调查法，采用基于网络的间接调查技术（CAWI）。研究工具是蒙特利尔儿童医院-儿科喂养计划。
风险 0 的低喂养问题组包括 445 名儿童（76.06%）；风险 1 组为 59 名儿童（10.08%）；风险 2 组为 40 名儿童（6.84%）；风险 3 组为 40 名儿童（7.01%）。整个研究组的平均 MCH-FS 评分为 37.29 分±12.02；2 岁组为 35.69 分；3 岁组为 37.41 分；4 岁组为 38.31 分；5 岁组为 38.46 分；6 岁组为 37.95 分；7 岁组为 36.06 分。女孩的 MCH-FS 量表平均值为 37.44 分，男孩为 37.32 分。除了在最小年龄组有较高的非显著趋势外，年龄等其他参数与喂养问题风险均无相关性。
在研究组中，母乳喂养和补充喂养（CF）时间均不会影响喂养问题的风险。在 CF 期间使用完整的 BLW 方法可以保护儿童免受未来出现食物选择性或挑食等喂养问题的影响。在本研究中，CF 期间出现呕吐反射等困难的儿童更有可能出现食物厌恶等喂养问题。基于我们的研究，我们没有观察到年龄、性别与喂养问题发生之间的相关性，只有在最小年龄组存在较高的非显著趋势。然而，需要进一步研究以评估这种行为如何影响后续的喂养困难。
