Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Roskamp Laboratory of Brain Development, Modulation and Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida Tampa, FL, USA ; Department of Psychology, Durham University Durham, UK.
Front Hum Neurosci. 2013 Mar 4;7:59. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00059. eCollection 2013.
Recent findings have demonstrated that emotional prosody (EP) attracts attention involuntarily (Grandjean et al., 2008). The automat shift of attention toward emotionally salient stimuli can be overcome by attentional control (Hahn et al., 2010). Attentional control is impaired in schizophrenia, especially in schizophrenic patients with hallucinations because the "voices" capture attention increasing the processing load and competing for top-down resources. The present study investigates how involuntary attention is driven by implicit EP in schizophrenia with auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) and without (NAVH). Fifteen AVH patients, 12 NAVH patients and 16 healthy controls (HC) completed a dual-task dichotic listening paradigm, in which an emotional vocal outburst was paired with a neutral vocalization spoken in male and female voices. Participants were asked to report the speaker's gender while attending to either the left or right ear. NAVH patients and HC revealed shorter response times for stimuli presented to the attended left ear than the attended right ear. This laterality effect was not present in AVH patients. In addition, NAVH patients and HC showed faster responses when the EP stimulus was presented to the unattended ear, probably because of less interference between the attention-controlled gender voice identification task and involuntary EP processing. AVH patients did not benefit from presenting emotional stimuli to the unattended ear. The findings suggest that similar to HC, NAVH patients show a right hemispheric bias for EP processing. AVH patients seem to be less lateralized for EP and therefore might be more susceptible to interfering involuntary EP processing; regardless which ear/hemisphere receives the bottom up input.
最近的研究结果表明，情感韵律（EP）会不自觉地吸引注意力（Grandjean 等人，2008）。可以通过注意力控制来克服对情感显著刺激的注意力自动转移（Hahn 等人，2010）。精神分裂症患者的注意力控制受损，尤其是有幻听的精神分裂症患者，因为“声音”会吸引注意力，增加处理负荷，并与自上而下的资源竞争。本研究调查了在有听觉言语幻觉（AVH）和无听觉言语幻觉（NAVH）的精神分裂症患者中，隐性 EP 如何引起无意识注意力。15 名 AVH 患者、12 名 NAVH 患者和 16 名健康对照者（HC）完成了双任务双耳分听范式，其中一个情绪化的人声爆发与一个以男性和女性声音说的中性人声配对。参与者被要求在关注左或右耳时报告说话者的性别。与右耳相比，NAVH 患者和 HC 对呈现给左耳的刺激的反应时间更短。这种侧化效应在 AVH 患者中不存在。此外，NAVH 患者和 HC 对未注意到的耳朵呈现的 EP 刺激反应更快，可能是因为在注意力控制的性别声音识别任务和无意识 EP 处理之间的干扰较小。AVH 患者没有从呈现给未注意的耳朵的情绪刺激中受益。研究结果表明，与 HC 相似，NAVH 患者对 EP 处理表现出右半球优势。AVH 患者的侧化似乎对 EP 不明显，因此可能更容易受到干扰的无意识 EP 处理的影响；无论哪个耳朵/半球接收自上而下的输入。
