Department of Neurology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center and the VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.
Neuroscientist. 2010 Jun;16(3):222-43. doi: 10.1177/1073858409349899. Epub 2010 Feb 5.
Over the last 15 years there has been a burgeoning number of publications using functional brain imaging (>40,000 articles based on an ISI/Web of Science search) to localize behavioral and cognitive processes to specific areas in the human brain that are often not confirmed by traditional, lesion-based studies. Thus, there is a need to reassess what cerebral localization of functions is and is not. Otherwise, there is no rational way to interpret the escalating claims of localization in the functional imaging literature that is taking on the appearance of neurophysiologic "phrenology". This article will present arguments to suggest that functional localization in the brain is a robust but very dynamic, four-dimensional process. It is a learned phenomenon driven over time by large-scale, spatially distributed, neural networks seeking to efficiently maximize the processing, storage, and manipulation of information for cognitive and behavioral operations. Because of historical considerations and space limitations, the main focus will be on localization of language-related functions whose theoretical neurological basis can be generalized for any complex cognitive-behavioral function.
在过去的 15 年中，使用功能脑成像的出版物数量不断增加（基于 ISI/Web of Science 搜索的超过 40,000 篇文章），将行为和认知过程定位到人类大脑中的特定区域，而这些区域通常无法通过传统的基于病变的研究来证实。因此，有必要重新评估大脑功能定位的作用。否则，就无法合理地解释功能成像文献中不断增加的定位主张，这些主张正在呈现出神经生理学“颅相学”的外观。本文将提出一些论点，表明大脑中的功能定位是一个强大但非常动态的四维过程。它是一种随着时间的推移而产生的学习现象，由大规模的、空间分布的神经网络驱动，这些神经网络试图有效地最大化信息的处理、存储和操作，以进行认知和行为操作。由于历史原因和空间限制，主要重点将放在语言相关功能的定位上，其神经理论基础可以推广到任何复杂的认知行为功能。
