Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience, University of Munich (LMU), Butenandtstr. 5-13 (E), 81377 Munich, Germany.
Chem Soc Rev. 2013 May 7;42(9):3689-707. doi: 10.1039/c3cs35488a. Epub 2013 Mar 4.
Frameworks of precisely defined pores with diameters matching the size of small molecules endow crystalline zeolites with valuable size- and shape-selectivity. Being important selective adsorbers and separators, zeolites are also indispensable as solid acids in size-selective catalysis. However, despite being extremely beneficial, micropores impose restrictions on the mass transport of reactants, especially when bulky molecules are involved. The prospect to boost the catalytic power of zeolites and to extend their applications into new areas has prompted numerous efforts to synthesize mesoporous zeolitic materials that combine diffusional pathways on two different size scales. Our tutorial review will introduce the reader to this exciting recent development in zeolite science. We will give a general overview of the diverse strategies on how to implement a secondary pore system in zeolites. We will distinguish top-down from bottom-up and template-assisted from 'template-free' procedures. Advantages and limitations of the different methods will also be addressed.
具有与小分子尺寸相匹配的精确定义孔道的框架赋予结晶沸石有价值的尺寸和形状选择性。沸石作为重要的选择性吸附剂和分离器，也是尺寸选择性催化中不可或缺的固体酸。然而，尽管微孔具有极大的优势，但它们会限制反应物的质量传递，特别是在涉及大体积分子时。提高沸石的催化能力并将其应用扩展到新领域的前景促使人们努力合成介孔沸石材料，这些材料结合了两种不同尺寸的扩散途径。本教程综述将向读者介绍沸石科学这一令人兴奋的最新发展。我们将概述在沸石中引入二级孔体系的各种策略。我们将区分自上而下和自下而上以及模板辅助与“无模板”的方法。还将讨论不同方法的优缺点。
