Department of Biology, Stern College for Women of Yeshiva University, New York, New York 10016, USA.
J Cell Physiol. 2013 Aug;228(8):1658-64. doi: 10.1002/jcp.24351.
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a major intersection that connects signals from the extracellular milieu to corresponding changes in intracellular processes. When abnormally regulated, the mTOR signaling pathway is implicated in a wide spectrum of cancers, neurological diseases, and proliferative disorders. Therefore, pharmacological agents that restore the regulatory balance of the mTOR pathway could be beneficial for a great number of diseases. This review summarizes current understanding of mTOR signaling and some unanswered questions in the field. We describe the composition of the mTOR complexes, upstream signals that activate mTOR, and physiological processes that mTOR regulates. We also discuss the role of mTOR and its downstream effectors in cancer, obesity and diabetes, and autism.
哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白（mTOR）是一个主要的交汇点，它将来自细胞外环境的信号与细胞内过程的相应变化联系起来。当异常调节时，mTOR 信号通路与广泛的癌症、神经疾病和增生性疾病有关。因此，恢复 mTOR 通路调节平衡的药物可能对许多疾病有益。这篇综述总结了目前对 mTOR 信号的理解以及该领域的一些未解决的问题。我们描述了 mTOR 复合物的组成、激活 mTOR 的上游信号以及 mTOR 调节的生理过程。我们还讨论了 mTOR 及其下游效应物在癌症、肥胖和糖尿病以及自闭症中的作用。
