Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
J Pathol. 2013 Jun;230(2):132-47. doi: 10.1002/path.4187.
TNF signals through two distinct receptors, designated TNFR1 and TNFR2, which initiate diverse cellular effects that include cell survival, activation, differentiation, and proliferation and cell death. These cellular responses can promote immunological and inflammatory responses that eradicate infectious agents, but can also lead to local tissue injury at sites of infection and harmful systemic effects. Defining the molecular mechanisms involved in TNF responses, the effects of natural and experimental genetic diversity in TNF signalling and the effects of therapeutic blockade of TNF has increased our understanding of the key role that TNF plays in infectious disease.
TNF 通过两种不同的受体（TNFR1 和 TNFR2）传递信号，这两种受体启动了多种细胞效应，包括细胞存活、激活、分化和增殖以及细胞死亡。这些细胞反应可以促进清除感染因子的免疫和炎症反应，但也可能导致感染部位的局部组织损伤和有害的全身效应。TNF 反应所涉及的分子机制、TNF 信号转导中天然和实验遗传多样性的影响以及 TNF 治疗性阻断的影响，增加了我们对 TNF 在传染病中所起关键作用的理解。
