Kyunghee University, Seoul, Korea.
Asia Pac J Public Health. 2013 Mar;25(2):209-13. doi: 10.1177/1010539513476935.
The Organ Transplantation Act, including transplantation of organs from brain-dead donors, entered into force in Korea on February 9, 2000. This article introduces the Organ Transplantation Act, focusing on scope of the Act, determination of brain death, removal of organs from brain-dead or deceased donors, removal from living donors, organ allocation, and prohibition of trade in human organs. Especially, some primary ethical dilemmas surrounding organ allocation arise from the shortage of available organs. The primary ethical problems surrounding organ allocation are as follows. A key purpose of the organ donation incentive system is to increase the number of organ transplants from brain-dead donors. In particular, the priority for kidney patient was allowed in consideration of doctor's strong desire to increase the brain-dead donors. Also, the organ allocation criteria based on the organ donation incentive system appear unfair, especially for the kidney patient, because the criteria do not fit the principles of distributive justice. In the future, the organ donation incentive system itself may need to be reexamined.
《器官移植法》，包括脑死亡供体器官移植，于 2000 年 2 月 9 日在韩国生效。本文介绍了《器官移植法》，重点介绍了该法的范围、脑死亡的确定、脑死亡或死亡供体器官的摘取、活体供体器官的摘取、器官分配以及禁止买卖人体器官。特别是，由于可供移植的器官短缺，器官分配方面出现了一些基本的伦理困境。器官分配所涉及的主要伦理问题如下。器官捐赠激励制度的主要目的是增加脑死亡供体的器官移植数量。特别是，考虑到医生强烈希望增加脑死亡供体，允许对肾病患者优先考虑。此外，基于器官捐赠激励制度的器官分配标准似乎不公平，特别是对肾病患者，因为这些标准不符合分配正义原则。在未来，器官捐赠激励制度本身可能需要重新审查。
