Lee S D, Kim J H
Department of Forensic Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
Transplant Proc. 2009 Nov;41(9):3551-5. doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2009.06.210.
In Korea, the Organ Transplantation Act came into effect in 2000, establishing the Korean Network for Organ Sharing (KONOS) with centralized authority for organ procurement as well as for approval of donors and recipients to ensure fair organ allocation. However, the number of brain-dead donors decreased sharply, and the organ allocation system proved inefficient. The government revised the Organ Transplantation Act in August 2002, introducing an incentive system. If a transplantation hospital formed a Committee for Brain Death Evaluation and a Hospital Organ Procurement Organization, it could receive a kidney from a brain dead-donor as an incentive to foster organ procurement regardless of the KONOS wait list. The government also launched a pilot brain-dead donor registry program to strengthen Hospital Organ Procurement Organization activity. If local hospitals collaborated with specialized hospitals in organ procurement, local hospitals obtained financial incentives. But because the organ shortage problem has not been resolved, the government has proposed four initiatives: first, broadening the incentive system, which makes it possible to give each specialized hospital a choice of one of eight organs from each donor as an incentive; second, development of an Independent Organ Procurement Organization; third introduction of an opt-out system; and last, improvement of the Committee for Brain Death Evaluation system. It is uncertain which initiatives will be adopted, but changes in organ procurement systems are nonetheless considered a key to solve the organ shortage problem in Korea.
在韩国，《器官移植法》于2000年生效，设立了韩国器官共享网络（KONOS），该网络对器官采购以及捐赠者和接受者的审批拥有集中权力，以确保器官的公平分配。然而，脑死亡捐赠者的数量急剧下降，而且器官分配系统被证明效率低下。政府于2002年8月修订了《器官移植法》，引入了激励机制。如果一家移植医院成立脑死亡评估委员会和医院器官采购组织，它可以从脑死亡捐赠者那里获得一个肾脏作为激励，以促进器官采购，而不必考虑KONOS的等待名单。政府还启动了一项脑死亡捐赠者登记试点计划，以加强医院器官采购组织的活动。如果当地医院在器官采购方面与专科医院合作，当地医院可获得财政激励。但由于器官短缺问题尚未得到解决，政府提出了四项举措：第一，扩大激励机制，使每家专科医院可以从每个捐赠者的八个器官中选择一个作为激励；第二，发展独立的器官采购组织；第三，引入推定同意系统；最后，改进脑死亡评估委员会系统。尚不确定将采用哪些举措，但器官采购系统的变革仍被视为解决韩国器官短缺问题的关键。
