Yalew Kassahun Negash, Mekonnen Medhanit Getachew, Jemaneh Atsbha Asrat
Africa Medical and Research Foundation, Ethiopia.
Pan Afr Med J. 2012;13 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):8. Epub 2012 Dec 25.
Trachoma is a public health problem in Ethiopia accounting for 35-50% of cases of blindness. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of trachoma and its determinant factors in Mojo and Lume districts.
A cross sectional community-based survey was conducted. From the two districts, a total of 23 clusters were selected by a multistage cluster random sampling technique. A total of 731 households were visited using structured questionnaires and clinical manifestation of trachoma was examined by ophthalmic nurses to assess stages of trachoma in children between ages 1 and 9 years and adults aged above 15 years.
Among 431 examined children, 54(12.53%) had trachomatous inflammation-follicular (TF) and 43(9.98%) had trachomatous inflammation-intense. Among the adults we found 12 (1.68%) prevalence of trachomatous trichiasis. The presence of latrine (p=0.02), garbage disposal system (p=0.05), main source of water consumption (p=0.01) and keeping animals in the living room were found to be significant risk factors (p<0.001).
Prevalence of trachoma was found to be 12% which is higher than the WHO standard. The study also identified that there was significant association between the different stages of trachoma with risk factors such as source of water and keeping animals in the living room.
沙眼是埃塞俄比亚的一个公共卫生问题，占失明病例的35%-50%。本研究旨在确定莫乔和卢梅地区沙眼的患病率及其决定因素。
开展了一项基于社区的横断面调查。通过多阶段整群随机抽样技术从这两个地区共选取了23个群组。使用结构化问卷走访了731户家庭，并由眼科护士检查沙眼的临床表现，以评估1至9岁儿童和15岁以上成年人的沙眼阶段。
在431名接受检查的儿童中，54名（12.53%）患有滤泡性沙眼炎症（TF），43名（9.98%）患有重度沙眼炎症。在成年人中，我们发现沙眼性倒睫的患病率为12（1.68%）。发现有无厕所（p=0.02）、垃圾处理系统（p=0.05）、主要用水来源（p=0.01）以及在客厅饲养动物是显著的危险因素（p<0.001）。
发现沙眼患病率为12%，高于世界卫生组织标准。该研究还确定，沙眼的不同阶段与诸如水源和在客厅饲养动物等危险因素之间存在显著关联。
