*Address correspondence to Hans-Werner Wahl, Heidelberg University, Department of Psychological Aging Research, Institute of Psychology, Bergheimer Strasse 20, Heidelberg 69115, Germany. E-mail:
Gerontologist. 2013 Dec;53(6):950-62. doi: 10.1093/geront/gnt013. Epub 2013 Mar 7.
Previous research on psychosocial adaptation of sensory-impaired older adults has focused mainly on only one sensory modality and on a limited number of successful aging outcomes. We considered a broad range of successful aging indicators and compared older adults with vision impairment, hearing impairment, and dual sensory impairments and without sensory impairment.
Data came from samples of severely visually impaired (VI; N = 121), severely hearing-impaired (HI; N = 116), dual sensory-impaired (DI; N = 43), and sensory-unimpaired older adults (UI; N = 150). Participants underwent a wide-ranging assessment, covering everyday competence, cognitive functioning, social resources, self-regulation strategies, cognitive and affective well-being, and 4-year survival status (except the DI group).
The most pronounced difference among groups was in the area of everyday competence (lowest in VI and DI). Multigroup comparisons in latent space revealed both similar and differing relationship strengths among health, everyday competence, social resources, self-regulation, and overall well-being, depending on sensory status. After 4 years, mortality in VI (29%) and HI (30%) was significantly higher than in UI (20%) at the bivariate level, but not after controlling for confounders in a multivariate analysis.
A multidimensional approach to the understanding of sensory impairment and psychosocial adaptation in old age reveals a complex picture of loss and maintenance.
先前关于感官障碍老年人心理社会适应的研究主要集中在单一感官模式和有限数量的成功老龄化结果上。我们考虑了广泛的成功老龄化指标，并比较了视力障碍、听力障碍、双重感官障碍和无感官障碍的老年人。
数据来自严重视力障碍（VI；N=121）、严重听力障碍（HI；N=116）、双重感官障碍（DI；N=43）和感官无障碍老年人（UI；N=150）的样本。参与者接受了广泛的评估，涵盖日常能力、认知功能、社会资源、自我调节策略、认知和情感幸福感以及 4 年的生存状况（除了 DI 组）。
组间最明显的差异是在日常能力方面（VI 和 DI 最低）。潜在空间中的多组比较显示，健康、日常能力、社会资源、自我调节和整体幸福感之间存在相似和不同的关系强度，这取决于感官状况。4 年后，VI（29%）和 HI（30%）的死亡率在双变量水平上显著高于 UI（20%），但在多变量分析中控制混杂因素后则不然。
对老年感官障碍和心理社会适应的多维方法揭示了一种复杂的丧失和维持模式。
