Bern University of Applied Sciences, School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, Länggasse 85, CH-Zollikofen, Switzerland.
Poult Sci. 2013 Apr;92(4):869-73. doi: 10.3382/ps.2012-02679.
The best method for lighting poultry houses has been an issue for many decades, generating much interest in any new systems that become available. Poultry farmers are now increasingly using colored LED (light-emitting diodes) to illuminate hen houses (e.g., in Germany, Austria, the Netherlands, and England). In Switzerland all newly installed systems are now equipped with LED, preferably green ones. The LED give monochromatic light from different wavelengths and have several advantages over conventional illuminants, including high energy efficiency, long life, high reliability, and low maintenance costs. The following study examines the effects of illumination with white, red, and green LED on behavior and production parameters of laying hens. Light intensities in the 3 treatments were adjusted to be perceived by hens as equal. Twenty-four groups of 25 laying hens were kept in identical compartments (5.0 × 3.3 m) equipped with a litter area, raised perches, feed and drinking facilities, and nest boxes. Initially, they were kept under white LED for a 2-wk adaptation period. For the next 4 wk, 8 randomly chosen compartments were lit with red LED (640 nm) and 8 others with green LED (520 nm). Behavior was monitored during the last 2 wk of the trial. Additionally weight gain, feed consumption, onset of lay, and laying performance were recorded. The results showed minor effects of green light on explorative behavior, whereas red light reduced aggressiveness compared with white light. The accelerating effect of red light on sexual development of laying hens was confirmed, and the trial demonstrated that this effect was due to the specific wavelength and not the intensity of light. However, an additional effect of light intensity may exist and should not be excluded.
几十年来，家禽舍的最佳照明方法一直是一个问题，任何新的可用系统都引起了广泛关注。家禽饲养者现在越来越多地使用彩色 LED（发光二极管）来照明鸡舍（例如在德国、奥地利、荷兰和英国）。在瑞士，所有新安装的系统现在都配备了 LED，最好是绿色的。LED 发出不同波长的单色光，与传统照明光源相比具有几个优势，包括高能效、长寿命、高可靠性和低维护成本。本研究考察了白光、红光和绿光 LED 照明对产蛋母鸡行为和生产参数的影响。三种处理方法的光照强度调整为母鸡感觉相等。24 组 25 只产蛋母鸡被饲养在相同的隔室（5.0×3.3 米）中，配备有垫料区、高架栖息处、饲料和饮水设施以及巢箱。最初，它们在白色 LED 下适应了 2 周。在接下来的 4 周内，8 个随机选择的隔室用红色 LED（640nm）照明，另外 8 个用绿色 LED（520nm）照明。在试验的最后 2 周内监测行为。此外，还记录了体重增加、饲料消耗、产蛋开始和产蛋性能。结果表明绿光对探索行为的影响较小，而红光与白光相比降低了攻击性。红光对产蛋母鸡性发育的加速作用得到了证实，试验表明这种作用是由于特定的波长而不是光的强度。然而，可能存在额外的光强度效应，不应排除。
