Makkai T, McAllister I
Department of Law, Research School of Social Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 1990 Jun;25(3):305-13. doi: 10.1016/0376-8716(90)90156-9.
National studies show an overall decline in alcohol consumption across a range of developed countries. Using national population survey data collected in 1985 and 1988 in Australia indicate a decline in alcohol consumption with a differential impact upon particular age and sex groups. In particular, the results support Ledermann's prediction that as consumption declines, heavy drinkers will decline disproportionately. This trend is particularly notable among women. While overall levels of alcohol consumption have remained stable among the young, the pattern for women is for a uniform decrease in consumption, for men, a decrease in the older age groups. Various possible explanations for these trends are discussed.
全国性研究表明，一系列发达国家的酒精消费量总体呈下降趋势。利用1985年和1988年在澳大利亚收集的全国人口调查数据表明，酒精消费量有所下降，对特定年龄和性别群体产生了不同影响。特别是，结果支持了勒德曼的预测，即随着消费量下降，重度饮酒者的减少幅度将不成比例。这一趋势在女性中尤为明显。虽然年轻人的酒精消费总体水平保持稳定，但女性的消费模式是消费量均匀下降，而男性则是老年群体的消费量下降。文中讨论了这些趋势的各种可能解释。
