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正常成年人清醒和睡眠期间环杓后肌的活动

Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle activity during wakefulness and sleep in normal adults.

作者信息

Kuna S T, Smickley J S, Insalaco G

机构信息

Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77550-2778.

出版信息

J Appl Physiol (1985). 1990 Apr;68(4):1746-54. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1990.68.4.1746.

Abstract

Six normal adults were studied 1) to compare respiratory-related posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) muscle activity during wakefulness and sleep and 2) to determine the effect of upper airway occlusions during non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep on PCA activity. A new electromyographic technique was developed to implant hooked-wire electrodes into the PCA by using a nasopharyngoscope. A previously described technique was used to induce upper airway occlusions during NREM sleep (Kuna and Smickley, J. Appl. Physiol. 64: 347-353, 1988). The PCA exhibited phasic inspiratory activity during quiet breathing in wakefulness and sleep in all subjects. Discounting changes in tonic activity, peak amplitude of PCA inspiratory activity during stage 3-4 NREM sleep decreased to 77% of its value in wakefulness. Tonic activity throughout the respiratory cycle was present in all subjects during wakefulness but was absent during state 3-4 NREM sleep. In this sleep stage, PCA phasic activity abruptly terminated near the end of inspiration. During nasal airway occlusions in NREM sleep, PCA phasic activity did not increase significantly during the first or second occluded effort. The results, in combination with recent findings for vocal cord adductors in awake and sleeping adults, suggest that vocal cord position during quiet breathing in wakefulness is actively controlled by simultaneously acting antagonistic intrinsic laryngeal muscles. In contrast, the return of the vocal cords toward the midline during expiration in stage 3-4 NREM sleep appears to be a passive phenomenon.

摘要

对6名正常成年人进行了研究:1)比较清醒和睡眠期间与呼吸相关的环杓后肌(PCA)的肌肉活动;2)确定非快速眼动(NREM)睡眠期间上呼吸道阻塞对PCA活动的影响。开发了一种新的肌电图技术,通过使用鼻咽镜将钩线电极植入PCA。采用先前描述的技术在NREM睡眠期间诱发上呼吸道阻塞(库纳和斯米克利,《应用生理学杂志》64:347 - 353,1988)。在所有受试者中,PCA在清醒和睡眠时安静呼吸期间均表现出阶段性吸气活动。不考虑紧张性活动的变化,在3 - 4期NREM睡眠期间,PCA吸气活动的峰值幅度降至清醒时的77%。在清醒时,所有受试者在整个呼吸周期中都存在紧张性活动,但在3 - 4期NREM睡眠期间不存在。在这个睡眠阶段,PCA的阶段性活动在吸气接近结束时突然终止。在NREM睡眠期间鼻腔气道阻塞时,在第一次或第二次阻塞努力期间,PCA的阶段性活动没有显著增加。这些结果与近期关于清醒和睡眠成年人声带内收肌的研究结果相结合,表明清醒时安静呼吸期间声带位置由同时起作用的拮抗喉内肌主动控制。相比之下,在3 - 4期NREM睡眠期间呼气时声带向中线的恢复似乎是一种被动现象。

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