Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
Pathology. 2013 Apr;45(3):264-72. doi: 10.1097/PAT.0b013e32835f3e1a.
There has been great progress in the understanding of the molecular events involved in normal germ cell maturation and testicular tumour pathobiology. Identification of the molecules involved in these processes has provided a number of new immunohistochemical markers for intratubular germ cell neoplasia, unclassified (IGCNU) and germ cell tumours. OCT4, the most important of the newer markers, is highly sensitive and specific for IGCNU and is superior to older immunohistochemical markers for this purpose. However, germ cell maturation delay is a potential pitfall in the application of this marker. In contrast to the type II testicular germ cell tumours, relatively little is known about premalignant lesions of testicular sex cord-stromal tumours, malignancies of the rete testis and epididymis, and paratesticular malignancies.
在理解正常生殖细胞成熟和睾丸肿瘤病理生物学涉及的分子事件方面已经取得了巨大进展。鉴定这些过程中涉及的分子为未分类的小管内生殖细胞肿瘤（IGCNU）和生殖细胞肿瘤提供了许多新的免疫组织化学标志物。OCT4 是较新的标志物中最重要的一种，对 IGCNU 具有高度的敏感性和特异性，优于用于此目的的较旧的免疫组织化学标志物。然而，生殖细胞成熟延迟是应用此标志物的一个潜在陷阱。与 II 型睾丸生殖细胞肿瘤相比，关于睾丸性索-间质肿瘤、睾丸网和附睾的恶性肿瘤以及副睾恶性肿瘤的癌前病变知之甚少。
