Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of Maryland, College Park, USA.
Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2013 Apr 21;15(15):5443-71. doi: 10.1039/c3cp44363a.
Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) are under intensive investigation since the 1980's as these devices open the way for ecologically clean direct conversion of the chemical energy into electricity, avoiding the efficiency limitation by Carnot's cycle for thermochemical conversion. However, the practical development of SOFC faces a number of unresolved fundamental problems, in particular concerning the kinetics of the electrode reactions, especially oxygen reduction reaction. We review recent experimental and theoretical achievements in the current understanding of the cathode performance by exploring and comparing mostly three materials: (La,Sr)MnO3 (LSM), (La,Sr)(Co,Fe)O3 (LSCF) and (Ba,Sr)(Co,Fe)O3 (BSCF). Special attention is paid to a critical evaluation of advantages and disadvantages of BSCF, which shows the best cathode kinetics known so far for oxides. We demonstrate that it is the combined experimental and theoretical analysis of all major elementary steps of the oxygen reduction reaction which allows us to predict the rate determining steps for a given material under specific operational conditions and thus control and improve SOFC performance.
固体氧化物燃料电池（SOFC）自 20 世纪 80 年代以来一直受到广泛关注，因为这些设备为生态清洁的直接将化学能转化为电能开辟了道路，避免了卡诺热化学转化循环的效率限制。然而，SOFC 的实际发展面临着许多未解决的基本问题，特别是涉及电极反应的动力学，特别是氧还原反应。我们通过探索和比较三种主要材料（La、Sr）MnO3（LSM）、（La、Sr）（Co、Fe）O3（LSCF）和（Ba、Sr）（Co、Fe）O3（BSCF）来回顾当前对阴极性能的理解方面的最新实验和理论成就。特别关注对 BSCF 的优缺点进行批判性评估，BSCF 是迄今为止氧化物中已知具有最佳阴极动力学的材料。我们证明，对氧还原反应的所有主要基元步骤进行综合的实验和理论分析，使我们能够预测给定材料在特定操作条件下的速率决定步骤，从而控制和提高 SOFC 的性能。
