Andrade Neelam, Gandhewar Trupti, Kalra Rinku
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
Ann Maxillofac Surg. 2011 Jan;1(1):58-65. doi: 10.4103/2231-0746.83159.
An attempt has been made to review various devices as well as the outstanding studies done in the past for understanding the methodology of distraction for regeneration of bone. Lengthening of underdeveloped bones inclusive of the maxillofacial complex has been obtained by distraction osteogenesis by many authors. This could be achieved by the use of various extraoral or intraoral devices. Devices used for distraction osteogenesis must have a minimum of 2 important characteristics - they should be able to transfer distraction forces directly to the bone and secondly, should offer adequate rigidity for osseous consolidation to occur. With advanced technology and biomechanical engineering, preformed intraoral distraction devices are now available worldwide. The introduction of these intraoral bone-bourne devices have eliminated the need for bulky, cumbersome extraoral distraction devices which had problems such as external scars, pin tract infections, nerve or tooth bud injuries and poor patient compliance. The design of completely internalized custom made appliance has opened new vistas in the field of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. Indigenous internal devices are also economical and locally available.
本文尝试回顾了各种器械以及过去为了解骨再生牵张方法所做的杰出研究。许多作者通过牵张成骨术实现了包括颌面复合体在内的发育不全骨骼的延长。这可以通过使用各种口外或口内器械来实现。用于牵张成骨术的器械必须至少具备两个重要特征——它们应能够将牵张力直接传递至骨骼，其次，应为骨愈合提供足够的刚性。随着先进技术和生物力学工程的发展，预制口内牵张器械现已在全球范围内可用。这些口内骨承载器械的引入消除了对口外牵张器械的需求，口外牵张器械体积庞大、使用不便，存在诸如外部瘢痕、针道感染、神经或牙胚损伤以及患者依从性差等问题。完全内化的定制矫治器的设计为口腔颌面外科领域开辟了新的前景。国产内部器械也经济实惠且本地可得。
