Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London, UK.
J Microsc. 2013 Sep;251(3):242-9. doi: 10.1111/jmi.12025. Epub 2013 Mar 12.
Rho GTPases are well known to regulate cell motility through activation of a variety of downstream effector proteins, including enzymes, adaptor proteins and actin nucleators. The three closely related Rho GTPases RhoA, RhoB and RhoC all have the potential to interact with the same downstream effectors, yet they have substantially different effects on cell shape and migratory properties. Here I review the different ways in which RhoA, RhoB and RhoC expression is regulated in cancer and how they play distinct roles in cancer progression. I describe their main effectors known to contribute to cell motility. Recent results from our laboratory and others indicate that RhoA, RhoB and RhoC can be activated by specific stimuli and act through different effectors to control distinct aspects of cancer cell migration and invasion. This suggests that they each make unique contributions to cancer by participating in different protein complexes.
Rho GTPases 通过激活各种下游效应蛋白，包括酶、衔接蛋白和肌动蛋白成核因子，来调节细胞运动。三种密切相关的 Rho GTPases RhoA、RhoB 和 RhoC 都有可能与相同的下游效应蛋白相互作用，但它们对细胞形状和迁移特性的影响却大不相同。在这里，我回顾了 RhoA、RhoB 和 RhoC 在癌症中的表达是如何被调控的，以及它们在癌症进展中是如何发挥不同作用的。我描述了已知对细胞运动有贡献的它们的主要效应蛋白。我们实验室和其他实验室的最新结果表明，RhoA、RhoB 和 RhoC 可以被特定的刺激激活，并通过不同的效应蛋白来控制癌细胞迁移和侵袭的不同方面。这表明它们通过参与不同的蛋白质复合物，各自对癌症做出独特的贡献。
