School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, PO Box 237, Reading RG6 6AR, UK.
Prev Vet Med. 2013 Jul 1;110(3-4):456-66. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2013.02.018. Epub 2013 Mar 11.
The UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) identified practices to reduce the risk of animal disease outbreaks. We report on the response of sheep and pig farmers in England to promotion of these practices. A conceptual framework was established from research on factors influencing adoption of animal health practices, linking knowledge, attitudes, social influences and perceived constraints to the implementation of specific practices. Qualitative data were collected from nine sheep and six pig enterprises in 2011. Thematic analysis explored attitudes and responses to the proposed practices, and factors influencing the likelihood of implementation. Most feel they are doing all they can reasonably do to minimise disease risk and that practices not being implemented are either not relevant or ineffective. There is little awareness and concern about risk from unseen threats. Pig farmers place more emphasis than sheep farmers on controlling wildlife, staff and visitor management and staff training. The main factors that influence livestock farmers' decision on whether or not to implement a specific disease risk measure are: attitudes to, and perceptions of, disease risk; attitudes towards the specific measure and its efficacy; characteristics of the enterprise which they perceive as making a measure impractical; previous experience of a disease or of the measure; and the credibility of information and advice. Great importance is placed on access to authoritative information with most seeing vets as the prime source to interpret generic advice from national bodies in the local context. Uptake of disease risk measures could be increased by: improved risk communication through the farming press and vets to encourage farmers to recognise hidden threats; dissemination of credible early warning information to sharpen farmers' assessment of risk; and targeted information through training events, farming press, vets and other advisers, and farmer groups, tailored to the different categories of livestock farmer.
英国环境、食品和农村事务部（Defra）确定了减少动物疾病爆发风险的措施。我们报告了英格兰绵羊和猪农对这些措施的反应。从影响动物健康措施采用的因素研究中建立了一个概念框架，将知识、态度、社会影响和感知到的限制与具体措施的实施联系起来。2011 年，从英格兰的 9 个绵羊养殖场和 6 个养猪场收集了定性数据。主题分析探讨了对拟议措施的态度和反应，以及影响实施可能性的因素。大多数人认为，他们已经尽了最大的努力来最大限度地降低疾病风险，而没有实施的措施要么不相关，要么无效。对于看不见的威胁，他们几乎没有意识到风险，也没有关注。养猪户比养羊户更注重控制野生动物、员工和访客管理以及员工培训。影响家畜养殖户是否实施特定疾病风险措施的主要因素是：对疾病风险的态度和看法；对特定措施及其功效的态度；他们认为使措施不切实际的企业特征；以前的疾病或措施经验；以及信息和建议的可信度。他们非常重视获取权威信息，大多数人认为兽医是在当地环境中解释国家机构提供的通用建议的主要来源。可以通过以下方式提高疾病风险措施的采用率：通过农业媒体和兽医改善风险沟通，以鼓励农民认识到隐藏的威胁；传播可信的早期预警信息，以提高农民对风险的评估；并通过培训活动、农业媒体、兽医和其他顾问以及农民团体，向不同类别的家畜养殖户提供有针对性的信息，以满足他们的需求。
