Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan.
Phys Rev Lett. 2013 Mar 1;110(9):091602. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.091602.
We argue that the entanglement entropy for a very small subsystem obeys a property which is analogous to the first law of thermodynamics when we excite the system. In relativistic setups, its effective temperature is proportional to the inverse of the subsystem size. This provides a universal relationship between the energy and the amount of quantum information. We derive the results using holography and confirm them in two-dimensional field theories. We will also comment on an example with negative specific heat and suggest a connection between the second law of thermodynamics and the strong subadditivity of entanglement entropy.
我们认为，当我们激发系统时，非常小的子系统的纠缠熵服从类似于热力学第一定律的性质。在相对论设置中，其有效温度与子系统大小的倒数成正比。这在能量和量子信息量之间提供了一种普遍关系。我们使用全息术得到了结果，并在二维场论中对其进行了验证。我们还将讨论一个具有负比热的例子，并提出热力学第二定律和纠缠熵的强次加性之间的联系。
