Morrison M A
Young Adult Services, Anchor Hospital, Atlanta, GA 30349.
West J Med. 1990 May;152(5):543-6.
Some symptoms seen in adolescents with the disease of chemical dependence are similar to those seen in adults. Because of their age, lack of personality development, dependent family role, immaturity, and acting out of age-related behavioral tendencies, however, symptoms specific to this population occur. These may become exacerbated and telescope--intensify and shorten--the progression of the disease. A plan to solve the problem of adolescent chemical dependence must focus on education, demonstration, cooperation, prevention, intervention, habilitation, treatment, and recovery. The phenomenon of denial in a chemically dependent adolescent yields a more complex delusional system that dictates age-specific intervention approaches. Habilitation is necessary for successful adolescent treatment and recovery because what is needed is an initial process of learning, not relearning or rehabilitation. If specific adolescent issues are addressed through comprehensive, multimodality treatment approaches, then treatment and recovery outcomes for chemically dependent adolescents and their families are substantially improved. Primary care physicians must be alert to the possibility of drug use in their young patients and aware of treatment options.
患有化学物质依赖症的青少年出现的一些症状与成年人相似。然而，由于他们的年龄、人格发展不完善、家庭角色依赖、不成熟以及受与年龄相关的行为倾向影响，这一特定人群会出现一些特定症状。这些症状可能会加剧并使病程缩短——强化并缩短——疾病的进展。解决青少年化学物质依赖问题的计划必须侧重于教育、示范、合作、预防、干预、 habilitation（复原）、治疗和康复。化学物质依赖青少年中的否认现象会产生一个更复杂的妄想系统，这决定了针对特定年龄的干预方法。复原对于青少年的成功治疗和康复是必要的，因为所需要的是一个初步的学习过程，而不是重新学习或康复。如果通过全面的多模式治疗方法来解决特定的青少年问题，那么化学物质依赖青少年及其家庭的治疗和康复效果将得到显著改善。初级保健医生必须警惕年轻患者使用药物的可能性，并了解治疗选择。
