Malinovský L
Department of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, J.E. Purkynĕ University, Brno, CSSR.
Z Mikrosk Anat Forsch. 1990;104(1):170-6.
The author has shown the variety in denominating peripheral sensory structures serving for mechanoreception, nociception, thermoreception and chemoreception. To term peripheral sensory structures as nerve endings is considered particularly unsuitable because this denomination is based only on morphogenesis of the ending. From the view of system approach, the peripheral sensory structures forms one unit formed by two or more structural subsystems. Even though the axon or its dendritic zone has the leading role in this unit, the function of the whole formation is influenced (modulated) by further non-nervous components. Although the causes of velocity of adaptation in some sensory structures have been already explained (e.g. in lamellar corpuscles with a thick capsule), different adaptation velocity of Merkel complexes in reptiles and birds on one side, and in mammals on the other, with the same structure has not been clear up to now. From the view of system approach as well as of the share of non-nervous components in the activity of the whole sensory structure, the author has suggested to introduce the term "sensory nerve formation" for peripheral sensory structures serving for mechanoreception, nociception, thermoreception and chemoreception. The term "complex sensory nerve formation" is suggested for more complex sensory structures in which either more sensory nerve formations of the same kind (Pinkus tactile dics) or different kinds of sensory formations (Eimer organ of a mole) are connected constantly or in which the connection of sensory nerve formations with other supporting structures (hairs, feathers) occurs.
作者展示了用于机械感受、伤害感受、温度感受和化学感受的外周感觉结构命名方式的多样性。将外周感觉结构称为神经末梢被认为特别不合适，因为这种命名仅基于末梢的形态发生。从系统方法的角度来看，外周感觉结构形成一个由两个或更多结构子系统组成的单元。尽管轴突或其树突区在这个单元中起主导作用，但整个结构的功能会受到其他非神经成分的影响（调制）。尽管已经解释了一些感觉结构中适应速度的原因（例如在有厚囊的板层小体中），但至今仍不清楚具有相同结构的爬行动物和鸟类与哺乳动物的默克尔复合体适应速度不同的原因。从系统方法以及非神经成分在整个感觉结构活动中的作用来看，作者建议将用于机械感受、伤害感受、温度感受和化学感受的外周感觉结构称为“感觉神经结构”。对于更复杂的感觉结构，建议使用“复合感觉神经结构”这一术语，其中相同类型的多个感觉神经结构（平库斯触觉盘）或不同类型的感觉结构（鼹鼠的艾默尔器官）持续相连，或者感觉神经结构与其他支持结构（毛发、羽毛）相连。
