Key P J, Jantz R L
KEY Company, Inc., Williston, North Dakota 58802-2690.
Am J Phys Anthropol. 1990 May;82(1):53-9. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.1330820107.
We have implemented a multivariate statistical methodology to assess the degree and pattern of cranial variability in skeletal samples. Specifically, the method is designed to test whether variability in a skeletal sample exceeds "normal within-group variability" defined in the present instance as variability present among crania from a cemetery associated with a village. It involves comparing a covariance matrix derived from a sample of unknown composition to one representing "normal within-group variability." The method has been applied to two Plains Indian craniometric samples. The Leavenworth site (39CO9) represents the remnants of previously autonomous Arikara Indian villages devastated by epidemic diseases in the late 1700s. The Bad River 2 Phase is an archaeological designation grouping together closely related sites in the Bad-Cheyenne region of South Dakota dating from 1740-1795 AD. We were able to show substantial heterogeneity among crania from Leavenworth. District burial areas at Leavenworth account for some of the heterogeneity, supporting the notion that they represent an attempt to maintain former social distinctions. We were unable to differentiate among sites within the Bad River 2 Phase, suggesting that it is a valid biological unit.
我们采用了一种多元统计方法来评估骨骼样本中颅骨变异性的程度和模式。具体而言，该方法旨在检验骨骼样本中的变异性是否超过了在当前情况下定义的“正常组内变异性”，即来自与一个村庄相关的墓地的颅骨之间的变异性。它涉及将从未知组成的样本中得出的协方差矩阵与代表“正常组内变异性”的协方差矩阵进行比较。该方法已应用于两个平原印第安人头骨测量样本。莱文沃思遗址（39CO9）代表了18世纪后期因流行病而遭到破坏的先前自治的阿里卡拉印第安村庄的遗迹。巴德河二期是一个考古学名称，将南达科他州巴德-夏延地区公元1740年至1795年的密切相关遗址归为一组。我们能够证明莱文沃思遗址的颅骨之间存在显著的异质性。莱文沃思遗址不同的埋葬区域解释了部分异质性，支持了它们代表着维持先前社会差异的尝试这一观点。我们无法区分巴德河二期内的各个遗址，这表明它是一个有效的生物学单元。
