School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, PR China.
J Hazard Mater. 2013 Apr 15;250-251:387-96. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.02.018. Epub 2013 Feb 19.
A sustainable method, with minimal pollution and low energy cost in comparison with the conventional smelting methods, is proposed for treating components of spent lead-acid battery pastes in aqueous organic acid(s). In this study, PbO, PbO2, and PbSO4, the three major components in a spent lead paste, were individually reacted with a mixture of aqueous sodium citrate and acetic acid solution. Pure lead citrate precursor of Pb3(C6H5O7)2 · 3H2O is the only product crystallized in each leaching experiment. Conditions were optimized for individual lead compounds which were then used as the basis for leaching real industrial spent paste. In this work, efficient leaching process is achieved and raw material cost is reduced by using aqueous sodium citrate and acetic acid, instead of aqueous sodium citrate and citric acid as reported in a pioneering hydrometallurgical method earlier. Acetic acid is not only cheaper than citric acid but is also more effective in aiding dissolution of the lead compounds thus speeding up the leaching process in comparison with citric acid. Lead citrate is readily crystallized from the aqueous solution due to its low solubility and can be combusted to directly produce leady oxide as a precursor for making new battery pastes.
提出了一种可持续的方法，与传统的熔炼方法相比，该方法对废铅酸电池膏中的成分进行处理时，污染小，能源成本低。在这项研究中，PbO、PbO2 和 PbSO4（废铅膏中的三种主要成分）分别与含有柠檬酸和乙酸的水溶液混合反应。在每个浸出实验中，仅结晶出纯的 lead citrate 前驱体 Pb3(C6H5O7)2 · 3H2O。优化了各铅化合物的浸出条件，然后以此为基础浸出实际工业废膏。在这项工作中，使用含有柠檬酸和乙酸的水溶液代替了早期报道的开创性湿法冶金方法中使用的含有柠檬酸和柠檬酸的水溶液，从而实现了高效的浸出过程，并降低了原材料成本。与柠檬酸相比，乙酸不仅更便宜，而且在促进铅化合物溶解方面更有效，从而加快了浸出过程。由于 lead citrate 的溶解度低，很容易从水溶液中结晶出来，并且可以燃烧直接产生 leady oxide，作为制造新电池膏的前体。
