Department of Geology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Aškerčeva 12, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia,
Environ Geochem Health. 2014 Feb;36(1):19-39. doi: 10.1007/s10653-013-9516-0. Epub 2013 Mar 16.
In this study, the role of aquaculture activity as a source of selected metals was analyzed. Significant differences in element content between cultured (Dicentrarchus labrax, Sparus aurata) and wild fishes as well as between fish muscle and their feed were detected. Higher concentrations of trace elements (i.e., As, Cu, Hg, Se) in wild fish tissues in comparison with cultured ones indicate additional sources of metals beside fish feed as natural and/or anthropogenic sources. Generally, mean Cd, Cu, Pb, Se, and Zn concentrations in cultured (0.016, 1.79, 0.14, 0.87, and 34.32 μg/g, respectively) and wild (0.011, 1.97, 0.10, 1.78, and 23,54 μg/g, respectively) fish samples were below the permissible levels, while mean As (2.57 μg/g in cultured, 4.77 μg/g in wild) and Cr (5.25 μg/g in cultured, 2.92 μg/g in wild) values exceeded those limits. Hg values were lower in cultured (0.17 μg/g) and higher in wild (1.04 μg/g) fish specimens. The highest elemental concentrations were observed in almost all fish samples from Korčula sampling site. The smallest cultured sea basses showed As (4.01 μg/g), Cr (49.10 μg/g), Pb (0.65 μg/g), and Zn (136 μg/g) concentrations above the recommended limits; however, values decreased as fish size increased. Therefore, the majority of metal concentrations in commercial fishes showed no problems for human consumption. Also calculated Se:Hg molar ratios (all >1) and selenium health benefit values (Se-HBVs) (all positive) showed that consumption of all observed fishes in human nutrition is not risk.
在这项研究中,分析了水产养殖活动作为某些金属来源的作用。养殖(真鲷、欧鳊)和野生鱼类以及鱼类肌肉与其饲料之间的元素含量存在显著差异。与养殖鱼类相比,野生鱼类组织中痕量元素(如 As、Cu、Hg、Se)的浓度更高,表明金属的来源除了鱼类饲料之外还有其他天然和/或人为来源。通常,养殖(分别为 0.016、1.79、0.14、0.87 和 34.32μg/g)和野生(分别为 0.011、1.97、0.10、1.78 和 23.54μg/g)鱼类样本中的 Cd、Cu、Pb、Se 和 Zn 平均浓度均低于允许水平,而 As(养殖为 2.57μg/g,野生为 4.77μg/g)和 Cr(养殖为 5.25μg/g,野生为 2.92μg/g)的平均浓度则超过了这些限值。Hg 的浓度在养殖鱼类中较低(0.17μg/g),而在野生鱼类中较高(1.04μg/g)。在 Korčula 采样点的几乎所有鱼类样本中都观察到最高的元素浓度。最小的养殖鲈鱼样本中 As(4.01μg/g)、Cr(49.10μg/g)、Pb(0.65μg/g)和 Zn(136μg/g)的浓度超过了推荐限值;然而,随着鱼体增大,这些值会下降。因此,商业鱼类中的大多数金属浓度对人类食用没有问题。此外,计算出的 Se:Hg 摩尔比(均>1)和硒健康效益值(Se-HBVs)(均为正值)表明,在人类营养中食用所有观察到的鱼类均不会带来风险。