el Zein M, Areas J L, Knapka J, MacCarthy P, Yousufi A K, DiPette D, Holland B, Goel R, Preuss H G
Department of Medicine (Nephrology), Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007.
Am J Hypertens. 1990 May;3(5 Pt 1):380-6. doi: 10.1093/ajh/3.5.380.
Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were fed 6 different diets. The baseline diet (I) derived equal calories from sucrose, proteins, and fats. Three other diets (II, III, VI) derived the majority of calories from refined CHO, sucrose or glucose, with decreases in calories from proteins or fats. The last two diets (IV, V) were relatively low in sucrose with a higher percentage of the total calories from proteins and fats, respectively. From 3 to 15 weeks on the diets, the highest average BP was in rats consuming high concentrations of sucrose or glucose (II, III, VI). Urinary excretory rates of norepinephrine (NE) at 5, 10 and 15 weeks and epinephrine at 5 and 10 weeks were significantly elevated in rats ingesting diets high in refined CHO, and NE positively correlated with blood pressure (BP) at 5 and 10 weeks of the study. At the end of the study, serum insulin levels were not different, but plasma renin and serum glucagon levels were lower in SHR consuming the diets with high CHO concentrations. We conclude that equally elevated BP are seen with relatively high intakes of either sucrose or glucose, whether the balance of calories is derived from lessening fat or protein. This is secondary, at least in part, to alterations in NE metabolism.
自发性高血压大鼠（SHR）被喂食6种不同的饮食。基础饮食（I）中蔗糖、蛋白质和脂肪提供的热量相等。其他三种饮食（II、III、VI）中大部分热量来自精制碳水化合物、蔗糖或葡萄糖，蛋白质或脂肪提供的热量减少。最后两种饮食（IV、V）中蔗糖含量相对较低，蛋白质和脂肪分别占总热量的较高百分比。在喂食这些饮食的3至15周期间，摄入高浓度蔗糖或葡萄糖的大鼠（II、III、VI）平均血压最高。在摄入富含精制碳水化合物饮食的大鼠中，5周、10周和15周时去甲肾上腺素（NE）的尿排泄率以及5周和10周时肾上腺素的尿排泄率显著升高，并且在研究的5周和10周时，NE与血压（BP）呈正相关。在研究结束时，血清胰岛素水平没有差异，但摄入高碳水化合物浓度饮食的SHR中血浆肾素和血清胰高血糖素水平较低。我们得出结论，无论热量平衡是通过减少脂肪还是蛋白质摄入实现的，相对高摄入蔗糖或葡萄糖都会导致血压同等升高。这至少部分是由于NE代谢的改变所致。
