Sullivan University, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2100 Gardiner Lane West Campus, Louisville, KY 40205, USA.
Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2013 Jul;10(7):973-85. doi: 10.1517/17425247.2013.781999. Epub 2013 Mar 20.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a neurotropic virus that enters the central nervous system (CNS) early in the course of infection. Although antiretroviral drugs are able to eliminate the majority of the HIV virus in the bloodstream, however, no specific treatment currently exist for CNS infections related to HIV. This is mainly attributed to the poor penetrability of antiretroviral therapy across the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and the protective nature of the BBB. Therefore, in order to increase the efficacy of anti-HIV drugs, novel drug delivery methodologies that can exhibit activity in the CNS are most needed and warranted.
In this review article, the authors discussed the challenges with delivering drugs to the brain especially under HIV infection pathophysiology status. Also, they discussed the approaches currently being investigated to enhance brain targeting of anti-HIV drugs. A literature search was performed to cover advances in major approaches used to enhance drug delivery to the brain.
If drugs could reach the CNS in sufficient quantity by the methodologies discussed, mainly through intranasal administration and the utilization of nanotechnology, this could generate interest in previously abandoned therapeutic agents and enable an entirely novel approach to CNS drug delivery.
人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）是一种嗜神经病毒，它在感染过程的早期就进入中枢神经系统（CNS）。尽管抗逆转录病毒药物能够消除血液中大部分的 HIV 病毒，但目前尚无针对与 HIV 相关的 CNS 感染的特定治疗方法。这主要归因于抗逆转录病毒疗法穿过血脑屏障（BBB）的渗透性差，以及 BBB 的保护性质。因此，为了提高抗 HIV 药物的疗效，最需要和需要新的药物输送方法，这些方法在 CNS 中具有活性。
在这篇综述文章中，作者讨论了在 HIV 感染病理生理学状态下向大脑输送药物的挑战。此外，他们还讨论了目前正在研究的增强抗 HIV 药物脑靶向性的方法。进行了文献检索，以涵盖用于增强药物向大脑输送的主要方法的进展。
如果可以通过讨论的方法以足够的数量将药物输送到 CNS，主要是通过鼻内给药和利用纳米技术，这可能会引起人们对以前被放弃的治疗剂的兴趣，并为 CNS 药物输送提供一种全新的方法。
