HIV/AIDS/SIT/and TB (HAST), Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa.
BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2013 Mar 4;13:57. doi: 10.1186/1471-2393-13-57.
The HIV risk increases during pregnancy. The elevated risk of HIV acquisition in pregnant women may be explained by behavioural and other factors. The aim of this study was to assess sexual HIV risk behaviour and its associated factors among pregnant women in Mpumalanga, South Africa.
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1 502 pregnant women (age range 18-47 years, mean age 26.6 years, standard deviation (SD) 6.1, and the mean gestational age was 6.5 months (SD 1.6). Antenatal women were selected, using systematic sampling from 63 primary care clinics and community health centres in Nkangala District. Data were collected by using a structured questionnaire and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used.
The majority (63%) of the participants had never used a condom with their primary sexual partner in the past 3 months, 60% were not aware of the HIV status of their sexual partner, 7.6% had a casual sexual partner in the past 3 months, 20% had two or more sexual partners in the past 12 months and 17.3% reported to have been diagnosed with a sexually transmitted infection (STI) (other than HIV) in the past 12 months. The various HIV risk behaviours were predicted, by being single and alcohol use for multiple sexual partners; by fewer antenatal visits, being HIV negative and not having used alcohol for lack of condom use; by being HIV positive, having experienced physical partner violence and psychological distress for having been diagnosed with a sexually transmitted infection (other than HIV); and by lower education, unplanned pregnancy, non-antenatal care attendance by expectant father, the belief that antiretrovirals can cure HIV and being HIV positive for having a partner with HIV positve or unknown status.
High levels of sexual HIV risk behaviour were found during pregnancy. Pregnant women need to be informed of their increased risk of HIV and the importance of sexual HIV risk reduction including the use of condoms throughout pregnancy.
怀孕期间 HIV 感染风险增加。孕妇 HIV 感染风险增加可能与行为因素及其他因素有关。本研究旨在评估南非姆普马兰加省孕妇的性行为与 HIV 风险及相关因素。
采用横断面研究，从恩坎德拉区 63 个初级保健诊所和社区卫生中心，采用系统抽样法选择 1 502 名年龄 18-47 岁（平均年龄 26.6 岁，标准差 6.1 岁）、平均妊娠 6.5 个月（标准差 1.6 个月）的孕妇。采用结构化问卷收集数据，采用多变量逻辑回归分析。
大多数（63%）参与者在过去 3 个月内与主要性伴侣进行性行为时从未使用过安全套，60%的参与者不知道性伴侣的 HIV 状况，7.6%的参与者在过去 3 个月内有过偶然性行为，20%的参与者在过去 12 个月内有 2 个或更多性伴侣，17.3%的参与者在过去 12 个月内被诊断患有性传播感染（除 HIV 以外）。多种 HIV 风险行为与以下因素相关：单身和使用酒精与多个性伴侣发生性行为；产前检查次数少、HIV 阴性、未使用酒精与未使用安全套相关；感染 HIV、遭受身体伴侣暴力和心理困扰与被诊断患有性传播感染（除 HIV 以外）相关；受教育程度低、意外怀孕、准父亲未进行产前护理、认为抗逆转录病毒可以治愈 HIV 以及伴侣 HIV 阳性或未知状态与 HIV 阳性相关。
孕妇在怀孕期间存在较高水平的性行为与 HIV 风险。孕妇需要了解其 HIV 感染风险增加的情况，以及在整个怀孕期间减少性行为与 HIV 风险的重要性，包括使用安全套。
