Department of Psychology, University of New Brunswick, PO Box 4400, Fredericton, NB, Canada, E3B 5A3.
Mem Cognit. 2013 Nov;41(8):1122-31. doi: 10.3758/s13421-013-0314-9.
In previous research, it has been argued that spatial performance on psychometric tests might be accounted for, in part, by the need for test-takers to transform mentally two-dimensional (2-D) test items into a three-dimensional (3-D) representation. With this in mind, the Landscape Perception Test (LPT) was designed to isolate the 2-D to 3-D (and vice versa) transformational aspect of spatial cognition. Gender differences were used as an indirect means to examine the contribution of the 2-D to 3-D transformation to spatial performance. Since the LPT was designed by means of an image relevant to geospatial cognition, measures of environmental cognition, as well as experience in various activities, were also examined. One hundred thirty undergraduate students (66 females and 64 males) completed the Childhood Activities Questionnaire, the Santa Barbara Sense of Direction Test, the Visualization of Views (VV) Test, the Perspective Taking/Spatial Orientation Test, and the LPT. Results showed higher scores for men than for women on LPT items requiring 2-D to 3-D conversion (LPT23), but not on those requiring the reverse operation. In addition, only the LPT23 produced significant indirect effects of gender on VV Test performance. Performance on the tests was also correlated with environmental cognition and previous experience with spatial activities. The results suggest that dimensional transformation might be a factor significantly contributing to spatial performance. Psychometric aspects of the LPT are also discussed.
在之前的研究中，有人认为心理测试中的空间表现部分可以通过测试者将二维（2-D）测试项目转化为三维（3-D）表示来解释。考虑到这一点，景观感知测试（LPT）旨在分离空间认知的 2-D 到 3-D（反之亦然）转换方面。使用性别差异作为间接手段来检验 2-D 到 3-D 转换对空间表现的贡献。由于 LPT 是通过与地理空间认知相关的图像设计的，因此还检查了环境认知的测量以及各种活动的经验。130 名本科生（66 名女性和 64 名男性）完成了儿童活动问卷、圣巴巴拉方向感测试、视图可视化（VV）测试、换位思考/空间定向测试和 LPT。结果表明，在需要 2-D 到 3-D 转换的 LPT 项目（LPT23）上，男性的得分高于女性，但在需要反向操作的项目上则不然。此外，只有 LPT23 对 VV 测试表现产生了显著的性别间接影响。测试表现还与环境认知和以前的空间活动经验相关。结果表明，维度转换可能是对空间表现有重大贡献的因素。还讨论了 LPT 的心理测量方面。
