Pinna Baingio
Department of Architecture, Design and Planning, University of Sassari at Alghero, Palazzo del Pou Salit, Piazza Duomo 6, 07041 Alghero (SS), Italy.
Perception. 2012;41(11):1336-54. doi: 10.1068/p7331.
Amodal completion occurs when a portion of an object is hidden as a result of its occlusion behind another object. Under these conditions, the object perceived as occluded is seen as a unitary shape, whose boundary contours amodally complete behind the overlapping modal object. Kanizsa (1972, Studia Psychologica 14 208-210) and his collaborators demonstrated some effects related to the amodal completion: shrinkage of the whole figure partially occluded; expansion of the modally visible portions of the same figure; shape deformations against the Gestalt principles of regularity, simplicity, symmetry, and past experience; global increasing of colour quantity of the partially occluded figure. The aim of this work is to demonstrate that the amodal completion is not a necessary factor in inducing the previous effects. This was accomplished through phenomenological experiments whose stimuli were crucial instances (counterexamples) disproving the amodal completion hypothesis and proving the role played by thedirectional symmetry of the element components of each stimulus pattern. Some new phenomena demonstrated the main role of the directional shape organisation, considered as a principle of shape formation.
当一个物体的一部分由于被另一个物体遮挡而隐藏时，就会出现非模态完成。在这些条件下，被视为被遮挡的物体被看作是一个单一的形状，其边界轮廓在重叠的模态物体后面进行非模态完成。卡尼萨（1972年，《心理学研究》14 208 - 210）及其合作者证明了一些与非模态完成相关的效应：部分被遮挡的整个图形缩小；同一图形的模态可见部分扩大；违背规律性、简单性、对称性和过往经验的格式塔原则的形状变形；部分被遮挡图形的颜色量整体增加。这项工作的目的是证明非模态完成不是引发上述效应的必要因素。这是通过现象学实验完成的，这些实验的刺激物是关键实例（反例），它们反驳了非模态完成假说，并证明了每个刺激模式的元素成分的方向对称性所起的作用。一些新现象证明了方向形状组织作为形状形成原则的主要作用。
