Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, Université Aix-Marseille, Faculté de Medecine, Marseille, France.
Euro Surveill. 2013 Mar 14;18(11):20426. doi: 10.2807/ese.18.11.20426-en.
In the minds of many, large scale open air festivals have become associated with spring and summer, attracting many people, and in the case of music festivals, thousands of music fans. These festivals share the usual health risks associated with large mass gatherings, including transmission of communicable diseases and risk of outbreaks. Large scale open air festivals have however specific characteristics, including outdoor settings, on-site housing and food supply and the generally young age of the participants. Outbreaks at large scale open air festivals have been caused by Cryptosporium parvum, Campylobacter spp., Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Shigella sonnei, Staphylococcus aureus, hepatitis A virus, influenza virus, measles virus, mumps virus and norovirus. Faecal-oral and respiratory transmissions of pathogens result from non-compliance with hygiene rules, inadequate sanitation and insufficient vaccination coverage. Sexual transmission of infectious diseases may also occur and is likely to be underestimated and underreported. Enhanced surveillance during and after festivals is essential. Preventive measures such as immunisations of participants and advice on-site and via social networks should be considered to reduce outbreaks at these large scale open air festivals.
在许多人的心目中，大型露天音乐节已经与春夏季节联系在一起，吸引了众多人群，而在音乐节后，成千上万的音乐爱好者也参与其中。这些节日通常会带来与大规模人群聚集相关的健康风险，包括传染病的传播和疫情爆发的风险。然而，大型露天音乐节具有一些特殊的特征，包括户外环境、现场住房和食品供应，以及参与者普遍年轻化。大型露天音乐节爆发的疫情包括微小隐孢子虫、弯曲杆菌属、大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、宋内氏志贺菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、甲型肝炎病毒、流感病毒、麻疹病毒、腮腺炎病毒和诺如病毒。病原体的粪口和呼吸道传播是由于不遵守卫生规则、卫生条件不足以及疫苗接种覆盖率低所致。传染病的性传播也可能发生，而且很可能被低估和漏报。因此，在节日期间和之后进行强化监测至关重要。应考虑对参与者进行免疫接种等预防措施，并在现场和通过社交网络提供建议，以减少这些大型露天音乐节的疫情爆发。
