Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200092, China.
Mar Drugs. 2013 Mar 21;11(3):960-74. doi: 10.3390/md11030960.
Diabetic retinopathy is a common diabetic eye disease caused by changes in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). It is an ocular manifestation of systemic disease, which affects up to 80% of all patients who have had diabetes for 10 years or more. The genetically diabetic db/db mouse, as a model of type-2 diabetes, shows diabetic retinopathy induced by apoptosis of RGCs. Astaxanthin is a carotenoid with powerful antioxidant properties that exists naturally in various plants, algae and seafood. Here, astaxanthin was shown to reduce the apoptosis of RGCs and improve the levels of oxidative stress markers, including superoxide anion, malondialdehyde (MDA, a marker of lipid peroxidation), 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG, indicator of oxidative DNA damage) and MnSOD (manganese superoxide dismutase) activity in the retinal tissue of db/db mouse. In addition, astaxanthin attenuated hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)-induced apoptosis in the transformed rat retinal ganglion cell line RGC-5. Therefore, astaxanthin may be developed as an antioxidant drug to treat diabetic retinopathy.
糖尿病性视网膜病变是一种常见的糖尿病眼部疾病，由视网膜神经节细胞 (RGC) 的变化引起。它是一种全身性疾病的眼部表现，影响高达 80%的所有患有糖尿病 10 年或以上的患者。遗传性糖尿病 db/db 小鼠，作为 2 型糖尿病的模型，显示出由 RGC 细胞凋亡引起的糖尿病性视网膜病变。虾青素是一种具有强大抗氧化性能的类胡萝卜素，天然存在于各种植物、藻类和海鲜中。在这里，虾青素被证明可以减少 RGC 细胞的凋亡，并改善氧化应激标志物的水平，包括超氧阴离子、丙二醛 (MDA，脂质过氧化的标志物)、8-羟基-2-脱氧鸟苷 (8-OHdG，氧化 DNA 损伤的指标)和 MnSOD (锰超氧化物歧化酶)在 db/db 小鼠的视网膜组织中的活性。此外，虾青素还可以减弱过氧化氢 (H2O2) 诱导的大鼠转化型视网膜神经节细胞系 RGC-5 的细胞凋亡。因此，虾青素可能被开发为一种抗氧化药物来治疗糖尿病性视网膜病变。
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