Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA.
College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A2, Canada.
Nutrients. 2024 Sep 27;16(19):3273. doi: 10.3390/nu16193273.
Carotenoids are present throughout retina and body its dense deposition leads to an identifiable yellow spot in the macula. Macular pigment optical density (MPOD) measured in the macula is vital to macular well-being and high-resolution visual acuity. MPOD has also been associated with various health and disease states. We sought to review the literature on this topic and summarize MPODs role as a measurable modifiable clinical biomarker, particularly as a measure of the eye's antioxidant capacity in the context of oxidative damage and retinal ischemia.
A literature review collated the articles relevant to MPOD, carotenoid intake or supplementation, and their influence on various health and disease states.
Literature reveals that MPOD can serve as a reliable biomarker for assessing the retinal defense mechanisms against oxidative stress and the deleterious effects of excessive light exposure. Elevated MPOD levels offer robust protection against the onset and progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a prevalent cause of vision impairment among the elderly population. MPOD's implications in diverse ocular conditions, including diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma, have been explored, underscoring the real need for clinical measurement of MPOD. The integration of MPOD measurement into routine eye examinations presents an unparalleled opportunity for early disease detection, precise treatment planning, and longitudinal disease monitoring.
Longitudinal investigations underscore the significance of MPOD in the context of age-related ocular diseases. These studies show promise and elucidate the dynamic nuances of MPOD's status and importance as a measurable, modifiable clinical biomarker.
类胡萝卜素存在于整个视网膜及其密集沉积导致在黄斑区出现可识别的黄斑斑点。黄斑色素光学密度（MPOD）在黄斑区的测量对黄斑健康和高分辨率视力至关重要。MPOD 也与各种健康和疾病状态有关。我们试图回顾这一主题的文献，并总结 MPOD 作为一种可衡量的、可改变的临床生物标志物的作用，特别是作为衡量眼睛在氧化损伤和视网膜缺血背景下抗氧化能力的一种方法。
文献综述汇集了与 MPOD、类胡萝卜素摄入或补充及其对各种健康和疾病状态的影响相关的文章。
文献表明，MPOD 可以作为评估视网膜对氧化应激和过度光暴露的有害影响的防御机制的可靠生物标志物。较高的 MPOD 水平为预防年龄相关性黄斑变性（AMD）的发生和进展提供了强大的保护，AMD 是老年人视力损害的常见原因。MPOD 在各种眼部疾病中的作用，包括糖尿病性视网膜病变和青光眼，已经得到了探讨，强调了临床测量 MPOD 的真正需求。将 MPOD 测量纳入常规眼部检查为早期疾病检测、精确治疗计划和纵向疾病监测提供了无与伦比的机会。
纵向研究强调了 MPOD 在与年龄相关的眼部疾病中的重要性。这些研究表明了其前景，并阐明了 MPOD 作为一种可衡量的、可改变的临床生物标志物的状态和重要性的动态细微差别。
