The J C School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
PLoS One. 2013;8(3):e57569. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057569. Epub 2013 Mar 8.
Millions of children and adolescents in rural China are left behind as their parents move away for work. Little is known about the impact of parental migration on their smoking and self-efficacy. This study explores the associations among parental migration, self-efficacy and smoking.
A cross-sectional study was conducted among middle school students in Liangying Township, Guangdong, China. Socio-demographic and parental migration characteristics, as well as adolescent past 30-day smoking and self-efficacy level were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to estimate the risk of parental migration features for smoking and self-efficacy. Hierarchical regression was fitted to examine the relationship among parental migration, self-efficacy and smoking.
2609 students (93.4%) participated into the study, 44% of who were with parents who had ever been or were currently migrating. Smoking prevalence was 9.7% in boys and 0.9% in girls. Paternal migration was protective for adolescent smoking, whilst maternal migration increased the risk. Both paternal and maternal migration had adverse effects on self-efficacy, a strong influencing factor for smoking. No significant relationship was found between other migration features and smoking and self-efficacy. The smoking risk of maternal migration was partly mediated by self-efficacy. There were no differences between boys and girls.
Our findings suggest that adolescents whose mothers migrate from home to work elsewhere are at elevated risk for smoking. Improving self-efficacy may be an effective means to keep adolescents away from smoking, especially for those with maternal migration.
中国农村地区有数百万儿童和青少年因父母外出打工而留守。父母迁移对他们吸烟和自我效能感的影响知之甚少。本研究探讨了父母迁移、自我效能感和吸烟之间的关系。
在中国广东省良营镇的中学生中进行了一项横断面研究。使用自我管理问卷收集了社会人口统计学和父母迁移特征，以及青少年过去 30 天的吸烟和自我效能水平。使用单变量和多变量分析来估计父母迁移特征对吸烟和自我效能感的风险。进行分层回归以检验父母迁移、自我效能感和吸烟之间的关系。
2609 名学生（93.4%）参与了研究，其中 44%的学生的父母曾经或正在迁移。男孩的吸烟率为 9.7%，女孩为 0.9%。父亲迁移对青少年吸烟有保护作用，而母亲迁移则增加了这种风险。父亲和母亲迁移都对自我效能感产生了不利影响，而自我效能感是吸烟的一个重要影响因素。其他迁移特征与吸烟和自我效能感之间没有显著关系。母亲迁移的吸烟风险部分由自我效能感介导。男孩和女孩之间没有差异。
我们的研究结果表明，母亲从家中迁移到其他地方工作的青少年吸烟的风险增加。提高自我效能感可能是让青少年远离吸烟的有效手段，特别是对于那些有母亲迁移的青少年。
