中国10-18岁农村儿童的父母迁移模式与抑郁和焦虑症风险：一项横断面研究
Parental migration patterns and risk of depression and anxiety disorder among rural children aged 10-18 years in China: a cross-sectional study.
作者信息
Shen Min, Gao Jing, Liang Zenzen, Wang Youjie, Du Yukai, Stallones Lorann
机构信息
Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
Department of Psychology, Colorado Injury Control Research Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
出版信息
BMJ Open. 2015 Dec 29;5(12):e007802. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-007802.
OBJECTIVES
This study aims to explore the prevalence of depression and anxiety in left-behind children, and to identify patterns of parents' migration and relative factors associated with depression and anxiety risk in this population.
SETTING
A cross-sectional survey using a school-based sample was conducted in Puyang, Hebei, North China in December 2012.
PARTICIPANTS
2283 students aged 10-18 years.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Parental migration status, depression and anxiety disorder.
RESULTS
61.2% of participants were left-behind children. The prevalence rate of depression among left-behind children with both parents migrating (14.2%) was higher than that of children with one parent migrating (11.7%) and no parent migrating (12.6%). The prevalence rate of anxiety disorder for children with no parent migrating (25.1%) was higher than that for children living with one or neither parent (22.2% and 22.0%). The risk factors for depression were low-level social support (OR=3.46, 95% CI 2.00 to 6.01), average academic performance (OR=2.37, 95% CI 1.7 to 3.3) and low academic performance (OR=3.01, 95% CI 1.92 to 4.72), staying up late (OR=1.67, 95% CI 1.17 to 2.39), having difficulty falling asleep (OR=2.04, 95% CI 1.48 to 2.82) and being an only child (OR=1.73, 95% CI 1.04 to 2.89). The factors associated with anxiety disorder were being female (OR=2.09, 95% CI 1.64 to 2.66), being in high school (OR=1.8, 95% CI 1.38 to 2.36), physical abuse (OR=1.5, 95% CI 1.04 to 2.15), having difficulty falling asleep (OR=1.67, 95% CI 1.33 to 2.10) and low-level social support (OR=2.17, 95% CI 1.44 to 3.28) and middle-level social support (OR=1.82, 95% CI 1.3 to 2.56).
CONCLUSIONS
Parents' migration was not associated with depression and anxiety in rural children aged 10-18 years, but academic performance at school, sleep problems and lack of social support were associated with depression and anxiety.
目的
本研究旨在探讨留守儿童中抑郁和焦虑的患病率，并确定父母外出务工模式以及与该人群抑郁和焦虑风险相关的因素。
背景
2012年12月在中国北方河北省濮阳市采用基于学校样本的横断面调查。
参与者
2283名10 - 18岁的学生。
主要观察指标
父母外出务工状况、抑郁和焦虑障碍。
结果
61.2%的参与者为留守儿童。父母双方均外出务工的留守儿童中抑郁患病率（14.2%）高于父母一方外出务工的儿童（11.7%）和父母均未外出务工的儿童（12.6%）。父母均未外出务工的儿童中焦虑障碍患病率（25.1%）高于与父母一方或均不共同生活的儿童（22.2%和22.0%）。抑郁的危险因素为低水平社会支持（OR = 3.46，95%CI 2.00至6.01）、学业成绩中等（OR = 2.37，95%CI 1.7至3.3）和学业成绩差（OR = 3.01，95%CI 1.92至4.72）、熬夜（OR = 1.67，95%CI 1.17至2.39）、入睡困难（OR = 2.04，95%CI 1.48至2.82）以及独生子女（OR = 1.73，95%CI 1.04至2.89）。与焦虑障碍相关的因素为女性（OR = 2.09，95%CI 1.64至2.66）、高中在读（OR = 1.8，95%CI 1.38至2.36）、遭受身体虐待（OR = 1.5，95%CI l.04至2.15）、入睡困难（OR = 1.67，95%CI 1.33至2.10）、低水平社会支持（OR = 2.17，95%CI 1.44至3.28）和中等水平社会支持（OR = 1.82，95%CI 1.3至2.56）。
结论
父母外出务工与10 - 18岁农村儿童的抑郁和焦虑无关，但学校学业成绩、睡眠问题和社会支持缺乏与抑郁和焦虑相关。
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