Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781 039 Assam, India.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2013 May;97(10):4259-75. doi: 10.1007/s00253-013-4842-9. Epub 2013 Mar 26.
Alcohol oxidases (Alcohol: O₂ Oxidoreductase; EC 1.1.3.x) are flavoenzymes that catalyze the oxidation of alcohols to the corresponding carbonyl compounds with a concomitant release of hydrogen peroxide. Based on substrate specificity, alcohol oxidases may be categorized broadly into four different groups namely, (a) short chain alcohol oxidase (SCAO), (b) long chain alcohol oxidase (LCAO), (c) aromatic alcohol oxidase (AAO), and (d) secondary alcohol oxidase (SAO). The sources reported for these enzymes are mostly limited to bacteria, yeast, fungi, plant, insect, and mollusks. However, the quantum of reports for each category of enzymes considerably varies across these sources. The enzymes belonging to SCAO and LCAO are intracellular in nature, whereas AAO and SAO are mostly secreted to the medium. SCAO and LCAO are invariably reported as multimeric proteins with very high holoenzyme molecular masses, but the molecular characteristics of these enzymes are yet to be clearly elucidated. One of the striking features of the alcohol oxidases that make them distinct from the widely known alcohol dehydrogenase is the avidly bound cofactor to the redox center of these enzymes that obviate the need to supplement cofactor during the catalytic reaction. These flavin-based redox enzymes have gained enormous importance in the development of various industrial processes and products primarily for developing biosensors and production of various industrially useful carbonyl compounds. The present review provides an overview on alcohol oxidases from different categories focusing research on these oxidases during the last decade along with their potential industrial applications.
醇氧化酶（Alcohol：O₂ Oxidoreductase；EC 1.1.3.x）是一种黄素酶，能够催化醇氧化为相应的羰基化合物，并同时释放过氧化氢。根据底物特异性，醇氧化酶可广泛分为四类，分别为：(a) 短链醇氧化酶（SCAO），(b) 长链醇氧化酶（LCAO），(c) 芳香醇氧化酶（AAO）和 (d) 仲醇氧化酶（SAO）。这些酶的来源主要限于细菌、酵母、真菌、植物、昆虫和软体动物。然而，每种酶类别的报道数量在这些来源之间差异很大。属于 SCAO 和 LCAO 的酶本质上是细胞内的，而 AAO 和 SAO 则大多分泌到培养基中。SCAO 和 LCAO 通常被报道为多聚体蛋白，具有非常高的全酶分子质量，但这些酶的分子特征尚未得到明确阐明。醇氧化酶的一个显著特点是，与广泛熟知的醇脱氢酶不同，它们与氧化还原中心紧密结合的辅酶不需要在催化反应中补充。这些基于黄素的氧化还原酶在各种工业过程和产品的开发中具有重要意义，主要用于开发生物传感器和生产各种工业上有用的羰基化合物。本综述概述了来自不同类别的醇氧化酶，重点介绍了过去十年对这些氧化酶的研究及其潜在的工业应用。
