Herrada-Pineda Tenoch, Revilla-Pacheco Francisco, Manrique-Guzman Salvador
Departmet of Pediatric Neurological Surgery, ABC Medical Center, Mexico City, Mexico.
Departmet of Neurological Surgery, ABC Medical Center, Mexico City, Mexico.
J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg. 2015 Jan;76(1):8-12. doi: 10.1055/s-0032-1330958. Epub 2013 Mar 26.
Tumors of the pineal region account for 3 to 8% of the tumors involving the central nervous system. The most common are germ cell tumors (39%). Less common examples include teratomas, primitive neuroectodermic tumors, astrocytomas, and choriocarcinomas. Clinical presentation in pediatric patients is in direct relation to the anatomical structures surrounding the pineal region and to the associated hydrocephalus that is present in almost 90% of cases. The diagnosis of a tumor in the pineal region is based on radiological findings and the presence of tumor markers such as α-fetoprotein and human chorionic gonadotrophic hormone subfraction β. Neuroendoscopy is considered to be one of the minimally invasive techniques useful for the management of such patients. This minimally invasive approach to pineal region tumors allows the treatment of hydrocephalus in a safe and effective way, avoiding the complications derived from other procedures such as external ventricular drainage or shunt surgery.
松果体区肿瘤占累及中枢神经系统肿瘤的3%至8%。最常见的是生殖细胞肿瘤（39%）。较少见的类型包括畸胎瘤、原始神经外胚层肿瘤、星形细胞瘤和绒毛膜癌。儿科患者的临床表现与松果体区周围的解剖结构以及几乎90%的病例中存在的相关脑积水直接相关。松果体区肿瘤的诊断基于影像学检查结果以及肿瘤标志物的存在，如甲胎蛋白和人绒毛膜促性腺激素β亚基。神经内镜被认为是用于此类患者治疗的微创技术之一。这种针对松果体区肿瘤的微创方法能够以安全有效的方式治疗脑积水，避免了其他手术（如外部脑室引流或分流手术）带来的并发症。
