Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), University of Ulster, Cromore Road, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK.
Br J Nutr. 2013 Oct;110(8):1512-23. doi: 10.1017/S000711451300072X. Epub 2013 Mar 27.
The diversity of the associations of dietary glycaemic index (GI) and glycaemic load (GL) with dietary intake and body fatness observed in epidemiological studies may be partly due to the differences in underlying dietary intake patterns. We examined the cross-sectional associations of dietary GI and GL with food and nutrient intakes and indices of body fatness in 818 children aged 4-10 years and 818 adolescents aged 11-18 years in Britain, based on the data from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey. Dietary intake was assessed using a 7 d weighed dietary record. Overweight was defined as BMI ≥ 85th percentile of the age- and sex-specific British growth reference data. Central obesity was defined as waist:height ratio (WHtR) ≥ 0·5 (adolescents only). Breads, breakfast cereals and potatoes were the positive predictive food groups for dietary GI, while dairy products, fruit juice, other cereals and fruit were the negative predictors. Dietary GL was closely correlated with carbohydrate intake. Dietary GI showed no associations with overweight or central obesity. Conversely, dietary GL showed an independent association with a higher risk of overweight in children and a higher risk of central obesity (but not overweight) in adolescents. However, dietary GI and GL were not associated with BMI z-score in children and adolescents or WHtR in adolescents. In conclusion, the present study showed that dietary GL was independently associated with overweight in children and with central obesity in adolescents. Nevertheless, given no associations when body fatness measures were treated as continuous variables, the results must be interpreted cautiously.
在流行病学研究中观察到，饮食血糖生成指数（GI）和血糖负荷（GL）与饮食摄入和体脂肪之间的关联的多样性，可能部分归因于潜在饮食摄入模式的差异。我们根据英国国家饮食和营养调查的数据，在 818 名 4-10 岁的儿童和 818 名 11-18 岁的青少年中，检查了饮食 GI 和 GL 与食物和营养素摄入以及体脂肪指数之间的横断面关联。饮食摄入使用 7 天称重饮食记录进行评估。超重定义为 BMI 超过年龄和性别特定的英国生长参考数据的第 85 百分位。中心性肥胖定义为腰围：身高比（WHtR）≥0.5（仅适用于青少年）。面包、早餐麦片和土豆是饮食 GI 的正预测食物组，而乳制品、果汁、其他谷物和水果则是负预测因子。饮食 GL 与碳水化合物摄入密切相关。饮食 GI 与超重或中心性肥胖无关。相反，饮食 GL 与儿童超重风险增加和青少年中心性肥胖（但不是超重）风险增加独立相关。然而，饮食 GI 和 GL 与儿童和青少年的 BMI z 评分或青少年的 WHtR 无关。总之，本研究表明，饮食 GL 与儿童超重和青少年中心性肥胖独立相关。然而，鉴于当体脂肪测量值作为连续变量处理时没有关联，结果必须谨慎解释。
