Murakami K, Livingstone M B E
Department of Nutrition, School of Human Cultures, University of Shiga Prefecture, Shiga, Japan.
Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, UK.
Int J Obes (Lond). 2015 Apr;39(4):608-13. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2015.7. Epub 2015 Feb 2.
A very limited number of intervention trials and observational studies in adults have suggested that irregular eating frequency is associated with adverse profiles of metabolic risk factors, but evidence in younger populations is lacking.
This cross-sectional study examined the association of variability in eating frequency with adiposity measures (n=1636) and blood lipid profiles (n=843) in British children aged 4-10 years (n=818 for adiposity measures and 324 for blood lipids) and adolescents aged 11-18 years (n=818 for adiposity measures and 519 for blood lipids).
Data from the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey were analyzed. Dietary intake was assessed using a 7-day weighed dietary record. Eating frequency was calculated based on all eating occasions, except for those providing <210 kJ of energy. Variability in eating frequency was calculated by adding the absolute difference between the 7-day mean eating frequency and that in each day divided by the number of days (7 days), with a higher value indicating a large weekly variability in eating frequency.
After adjustment for age, sex, social class, physical activity, ratio of reported energy intake to estimated energy requirement, body mass index z-score, eating frequency, and intakes of protein, saturated fat, total sugar and dietary fiber, variability in eating frequency was positively associated with total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in children aged 4-10 years (P=0.04 and 0.03, respectively), but not in adolescents aged 11-18 years. There were no associations between eating frequency variability and other metabolic risk factors examined, including body mass index z-score, waist-to-height ratio, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations.
Larger variability in eating frequency was associated with higher total and LDL cholesterol concentrations in children aged 4-10 years.
针对成年人的干预试验和观察性研究数量非常有限，这些研究表明饮食频率不规律与代谢风险因素的不良状况有关，但缺乏针对较年轻人群的证据。
这项横断面研究调查了4至10岁英国儿童（818名儿童测量肥胖指标，324名儿童测量血脂）和11至18岁青少年（818名青少年测量肥胖指标，519名青少年测量血脂）饮食频率变异性与肥胖指标（n = 1636）和血脂谱（n = 843）之间的关联。
对英国国家饮食与营养调查的数据进行分析。使用7天称重饮食记录评估饮食摄入量。饮食频率基于所有进食场合计算，但提供能量<210千焦的场合除外。饮食频率变异性通过将7天平均饮食频率与每天饮食频率的绝对差值相加，再除以天数（7天）来计算，数值越高表明每周饮食频率变异性越大。
在调整年龄、性别、社会阶层、身体活动、报告的能量摄入量与估计能量需求的比值、体重指数z评分、饮食频率以及蛋白质、饱和脂肪、总糖和膳食纤维摄入量后，饮食频率变异性与4至10岁儿童的总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白（LDL）胆固醇呈正相关（P分别为0.04和0.03），但在11至18岁青少年中无此关联。饮食频率变异性与其他代谢风险因素（包括体重指数z评分、腰高比、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和三酰甘油浓度）之间无关联。
4至10岁儿童饮食频率变异性越大，总胆固醇和LDL胆固醇浓度越高。
