Almeida Lurdes, Quintão Sónia
Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Faculdade de Psicologia, Lisboa. Portugal.
Acta Med Port. 2012 Nov-Dec;25(6):350-8. Epub 2013 Jan 28.
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVES: Depression has shown as the more common mental disorder in elderly community and suicide is it worst consequence. In the Portuguese context suicide rates among the elderly take values higher than in other age groups. The present study aimed to compare elderly institutionalized and not institutionalized in terms of depression, suicidal ideation, dependency and leisure activities.
The sample was collected in Algarve, Alentejo and Lisbon, in 155 elderly, 85 institutionalized and 71 not institutionalized, with similar proportions between genders. The instruments were The Activity and Leisure Index (IAL), the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), The Barthel Index and the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSI).
The results showed that the elderly institutionalized did not presented higher depression, loneliness, suicidal thoughts or lowest level of activity and leisure, but were less independent. The participants with highest suicidal thoughts had more depression. A self-perception of worse health and more loneliness were related with more depression. A higher activity and leisure was related with less suicidal ideation.
The data seem to show that the institutionalization of elderly is not related negatively with depression and suicidal ideation.
引言/目的：抑郁症已成为老年人群中较为常见的精神障碍，自杀是其最严重的后果。在葡萄牙，老年人的自杀率高于其他年龄组。本研究旨在比较机构养老老人和非机构养老老人在抑郁、自杀意念、生活自理能力和休闲活动方面的情况。
样本采集于阿尔加维、阿连特茹和里斯本地区，共155名老年人，其中85名机构养老老人和71名非机构养老老人，男女比例相近。使用的工具包括活动与休闲指数（IAL）、老年抑郁量表（GDS）、巴氏指数和自杀意念贝克量表（BSI）。
结果显示，机构养老老人并未表现出更高的抑郁、孤独感、自杀念头，也没有更低的活动和休闲水平，但自理能力较差。自杀念头最多的参与者抑郁程度更高。对健康状况较差和孤独感更强的自我认知与更多的抑郁相关。更高的活动和休闲水平与更少的自杀意念相关。
数据似乎表明，老年人入住养老机构与抑郁和自杀意念并无负相关。
