School of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, Bangor University, Gwynedd, UK.
J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2013 Apr;35(2):132-43. doi: 10.1123/jsep.35.2.132.
It is well documented that competition can affect performance and emotion in sport. However, our understanding of the comparative effects of individual and team competitions on performance and emotion is limited. We also know little about emotion-based mechanisms underlying the effects of different types of competition on performance. To address these issues, 64 participants completed a handgrip endurance task during time-trial, one-on-one, two-on-two, and four-on-four competitions while self-report and possible corroborative physiological measures of enjoyment, anxiety, and effort were assessed. Results indicated that performance, enjoyment, anxiety, and effort increased from individual to team competitions. The observed increases in performance were mediated by increased enjoyment and effort. Our findings illustrate differential effects of individual and team competitions on performance and emotion. Moreover, they indicate that both enjoyment-based and anxiety-based mechanisms can explain changes in performance among different types of individual and team competition.
有大量文献证明，竞争会影响运动中的表现和情绪。然而，我们对于个体竞赛和团队竞赛对表现和情绪的相对影响的理解是有限的。我们也不太了解不同类型的竞争对表现产生影响的基于情绪的机制。为了解决这些问题，64 名参与者在计时赛、一对一、二对二和四对四中完成了一项握力耐力任务，同时评估了自我报告和可能的证实的享受、焦虑和努力的生理测量结果。结果表明，表现、享受、焦虑和努力从个体竞赛到团队竞赛都有所提高。观察到的表现提高是由享受和努力的增加所介导的。我们的研究结果说明了个体竞赛和团队竞赛对表现和情绪的不同影响。此外，它们表明基于享受和焦虑的机制都可以解释不同类型的个体和团队竞赛中表现的变化。
