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精英击剑比赛中的评估、应对、情绪和表现:一种随机系数回归模型方法。

Appraisal, coping, emotion, and performance during elite fencing matches: a random coefficient regression model approach.

作者信息

Doron J, Martinent G

机构信息

Research Department, French National Institute of Sport, Expertise and Performance, Laboratory of Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA 7370), Paris, France.

Laboratory of Vulnerabilities and Innovation in Sport, University of Claude Bernard Lyon 1 - University of Lyon, Villeurbanne, France.

出版信息

Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2017 Sep;27(9):1015-1025. doi: 10.1111/sms.12711. Epub 2016 Jun 23.

Abstract

Understanding more about the stress process is important for the performance of athletes during stressful situations. Grounded in Lazarus's (1991, 1999, 2000) CMRT of emotion, this study tracked longitudinally the relationships between cognitive appraisal, coping, emotions, and performance in nine elite fencers across 14 international matches (representing 619 momentary assessments) using a naturalistic, video-assisted methodology. A series of hierarchical linear modeling analyses were conducted to: (a) explore the relationships between cognitive appraisals (challenge and threat), coping strategies (task- and disengagement oriented coping), emotions (positive and negative) and objective performance; (b) ascertain whether the relationship between appraisal and emotion was mediated by coping; and (c) examine whether the relationship between appraisal and objective performance was mediated by emotion and coping. The results of the random coefficient regression models showed: (a) positive relationships between challenge appraisal, task-oriented coping, positive emotions, and performance, as well as between threat appraisal, disengagement-oriented coping and negative emotions; (b) that disengagement-oriented coping partially mediated the relationship between threat and negative emotions, whereas task-oriented coping partially mediated the relationship between challenge and positive emotions; and (c) that disengagement-oriented coping mediated the relationship between threat and performance, whereas task-oriented coping and positive emotions partially mediated the relationship between challenge and performance. As a whole, this study furthered knowledge during sport performance situations of Lazarus's (1999) claim that these psychological constructs exist within a conceptual unit. Specifically, our findings indicated that the ways these constructs are inter-related influence objective performance within competitive settings.

摘要

深入了解压力过程对于运动员在压力情境下的表现至关重要。本研究以拉扎勒斯(1991年、1999年、2000年)的情绪认知-动机-关系理论(CMRT)为基础,采用自然主义的视频辅助方法,纵向追踪了9名精英击剑运动员在14场国际比赛(代表619次即时评估)中的认知评估、应对方式、情绪和表现之间的关系。进行了一系列分层线性建模分析,以:(a)探索认知评估(挑战和威胁)、应对策略(任务导向型和脱离导向型应对)、情绪(积极和消极)与客观表现之间的关系;(b)确定评估与情绪之间的关系是否由应对方式介导;(c)检验评估与客观表现之间的关系是否由情绪和应对方式介导。随机系数回归模型的结果表明:(a)挑战评估、任务导向型应对、积极情绪与表现之间存在正相关,威胁评估、脱离导向型应对与消极情绪之间也存在正相关;(b)脱离导向型应对部分介导了威胁与消极情绪之间的关系,而任务导向型应对部分介导了挑战与积极情绪之间的关系;(c)脱离导向型应对介导了威胁与表现之间的关系,而任务导向型应对和积极情绪部分介导了挑战与表现之间的关系。总体而言,本研究进一步证实了拉扎勒斯(1999年)提出的这些心理结构存在于一个概念单元中的观点在运动表现情境中的正确性。具体而言,我们的研究结果表明,这些结构之间的相互关系方式会影响竞争环境中的客观表现。

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