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Th-MYCN 小鼠伴有半胱天冬酶-8 缺陷会发展为伴有骨髓转移的晚期神经母细胞瘤。

Th-MYCN mice with caspase-8 deficiency develop advanced neuroblastoma with bone marrow metastasis.

机构信息

Departments of Tumor Cell Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA.

出版信息

Cancer Res. 2013 Jul 1;73(13):4086-97. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-12-2681. Epub 2013 Mar 27.

Abstract

Neuroblastoma, the most common extracranial pediatric solid tumor, is responsible for 15% of all childhood cancer deaths. Patients frequently present at diagnosis with metastatic disease, particularly to the bone marrow. Advances in therapy and understanding of the metastatic process have been limited due, in part, to the lack of animal models harboring bone marrow disease. The widely used transgenic model, the Th-MYCN mouse, exhibits limited metastasis to this site. Here, we establish the first genetic immunocompetent mouse model for metastatic neuroblastoma with enhanced secondary tumors in the bone marrow. This model recapitulates 2 frequent alterations in metastatic neuroblastoma, overexpression of MYCN and loss of caspase-8 expression. Mouse caspase-8 gene was deleted in neural crest lineage cells by crossing a Th-Cre transgenic mouse with a caspase-8 conditional knockout mouse. This mouse was then crossed with the neuroblastoma prone Th-MYCN mouse. Although overexpression of MYCN by itself rarely caused bone marrow metastasis, combining MYCN overexpression and caspase-8 deletion significantly enhanced bone marrow metastasis (37% incidence). Microarray expression studies of the primary tumors mRNAs and microRNAs revealed extracellular matrix structural changes, increased expression of genes involved in epithelial to mesenchymal transition, inflammation, and downregulation of miR-7a and miR-29b. These molecular changes have been shown to be associated with tumor progression and activation of the cytokine TGF-β pathway in various tumor models. Cytokine TGF-β can preferentially promote single cell motility and blood-borne metastasis and therefore activation of this pathway may explain the enhanced bone marrow metastasis observed in this animal model.

摘要

神经母细胞瘤是最常见的儿童颅外实体瘤,占儿童癌症死亡人数的 15%。患者在诊断时常伴有转移性疾病,尤其是骨髓转移。由于缺乏具有骨髓疾病的动物模型,治疗进展和对转移过程的理解受到限制。广泛使用的转基因模型 Th-MYCN 小鼠仅显示出有限的该部位转移。在这里,我们建立了第一个具有增强骨髓继发性肿瘤的遗传免疫活性的转移性神经母细胞瘤小鼠模型。该模型再现了转移性神经母细胞瘤的 2 种常见改变,即 MYCN 的过表达和 caspase-8 表达的缺失。通过将 Th-Cre 转基因小鼠与 caspase-8 条件性敲除小鼠杂交,在神经嵴细胞中删除小鼠 caspase-8 基因。然后,将该小鼠与神经母细胞瘤易感 Th-MYCN 小鼠杂交。尽管 MYCN 的过表达本身很少导致骨髓转移,但 MYCN 过表达和 caspase-8 缺失的组合显着增强了骨髓转移(发生率为 37%)。对原发性肿瘤 mRNAs 和 microRNAs 的微阵列表达研究显示细胞外基质结构发生变化,与上皮到间充质转化、炎症相关的基因表达增加,以及 miR-7a 和 miR-29b 的下调。已经表明这些分子变化与各种肿瘤模型中的肿瘤进展和细胞因子 TGF-β 途径的激活有关。细胞因子 TGF-β 可以优先促进单细胞迁移和血源性转移,因此该途径的激活可能解释了在这种动物模型中观察到的增强的骨髓转移。

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