Matsumoto Yukiko, Matsumura Masaya, Sanada-Morimura Sachiyo, Hirai Yoshio, Sato Yuki, Noda Hiroaki
National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Owashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan.
Bull Entomol Res. 2013 Aug;103(4):382-92. doi: 10.1017/S000748531200082X. Epub 2013 Mar 28.
The brown planthoppers (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) and the white-backed planthoppers (WBPH) Sogatella furcifera (Horváth) annually migrate from tropical and subtropical regions to temperate regions in Asia, including Japan, Korea and northern China. To elucidate the genetic divergence based on geography of planthoppers and to estimate their migration route on the basis of molecular data, we analysed a part of their mitochondrial genome sequences. Sequences of cytochrome oxidase subunit I (cox1) - transfer RNA for Leu (trnL2) - cox2 were determined for 579 BPH (1,928 bp) and 464 WBPH (1,927 bp) individuals collected from 31 and 25 locations, respectively, in East and Southeast Asia. Thirty and 20 mitochondrial haplotypes were detected for BPH and WBPH, respectively. Single populations of both planthoppers included multiple haplotypes, and many haplotypes were shared in some populations and areas. The most frequently detected haplotypes accounted for approximately 50% of all BPH and WBPH individuals. To evaluate gene flow among planthoppers in different regions in Asia, pairwise fixation index (Fst) values were calculated. For BPH, high Fst values (0.580-0.926) were shown between planthoppers in Papua New Guinea (PNG) and the other areas and moderate Fst values (0.176-0.362) were observed between those in southern Philippines and other areas. For WBPH, the Fst value was the highest between Taiwan and southern Vietnam (0.236), and low among the other areas. AMOVA indicated no genetic structure among eight areas, excluding southern Philippines and PNG, for BPH, and among ten areas for WBPH. These data indicate that both planthoppers do not show much differentiation of local populations and/or have genetically intermixed Asian populations. These data also indicate that it may be difficult to distinguish regional planthopper populations on the basis of differences in mitochondrial sequences.
褐飞虱（Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)）和白背飞虱（Sogatella furcifera (Horváth)）每年从热带和亚热带地区迁徙至亚洲的温带地区，包括日本、韩国和中国北方。为了阐明基于地理分布的飞虱遗传分化情况，并根据分子数据估计它们的迁徙路线，我们分析了它们线粒体基因组序列的一部分。分别测定了从东亚和东南亚31个地点采集的579只褐飞虱（1928 bp）和25个地点采集的464只白背飞虱（1927 bp）个体的细胞色素氧化酶亚基I（cox1）-亮氨酸转运RNA（trnL2）-细胞色素氧化酶亚基II（cox2）的序列。分别在褐飞虱和白背飞虱中检测到30个和20个线粒体单倍型。两种飞虱的单个种群都包含多个单倍型，并且在一些种群和地区有许多单倍型是共享的。检测到的最常见单倍型约占所有褐飞虱和白背飞虱个体的50%。为了评估亚洲不同地区飞虱之间的基因流，计算了成对固定指数（Fst）值。对于褐飞虱，巴布亚新几内亚（PNG）的飞虱与其他地区的飞虱之间显示出高Fst值（0.580 - 0.926），菲律宾南部的飞虱与其他地区的飞虱之间观察到中等Fst值（0.176 - 0.362）。对于白背飞虱，台湾和越南南部之间的Fst值最高（0.236），其他地区之间较低。分子方差分析（AMOVA）表明，对于褐飞虱，除菲律宾南部和巴布亚新几内亚外的八个地区之间以及对于白背飞虱的十个地区之间没有遗传结构。这些数据表明，两种飞虱的本地种群没有表现出太多分化和/或亚洲种群在基因上相互混合。这些数据还表明，基于线粒体序列的差异可能难以区分区域飞虱种群。
