Kanicka Magdalena, Poniatowski Bogusław, Szpak Andrzej, Owoc Alfred
Department of Public Health, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland.
Ann Agric Environ Med. 2013;20(1):167-72.
School health education programmes are among the instruments for the prevention of tobacco smoking among children and adolescents. Knowledge obtained in evaluation studies of these programmes indicates the degree of their effectiveness and serves to improve their quality.
Recognition and evaluation of the effect of two-year anti-tobacco programme of health education on the changes in the level of knowledge, attitudes and behaviours of adolescents.
An intervention study was originated in May 2007, and covered 859 first-year schoolchildren from eight public junior high schools in Białystok in Poland, from among 3,318 schoolchildren attending 33 schools. The sample was selected by means of two-stage stratified sampling with consideration of two groups: an intervention group covered with educational actions (417 schoolchildren), and a control group (442 schoolchildren), where anti-tobacco education was not carried out. Before the educational programme and after its completion an evaluation of knowledge, attitudes and behaviours of junior high school adolescents was performed with respect to nicotinism, based on a survey. The educational part consisted in conducting within 2 years, 4 educational classes and 2 competitions concerning tobacco-related problems.
After two years, in the group of adolescents covered by the educational programme a significant increase was observed - by 11.6% - in the percentage of schoolchildren who were familiar with the negative effects of tobacco smoking, and an increase by 4.4% of those who were convinced that smoking is harmful. With respect to adolescents' attitudes, the effect of the programme was noted in only one of six components analyzed. After completion of the two-year educational programme, both in the group covered by this programme and the control group, the percentage of smokers significantly increased (by 12.8% and 12.7%, respectively).
It is necessary to evaluate the health education programme from the aspect of both the actual hard effects of the anti-nicotine programme (changes in behaviour), and indirect effects - soft (knowledge, skills) which are a basis for the potential verification of the programme in order to increase its effectiveness.
学校健康教育计划是预防儿童和青少年吸烟的手段之一。在这些计划的评估研究中获得的知识表明了它们的有效程度，并有助于提高其质量。
认识和评估为期两年的反烟草健康教育计划对青少年知识、态度和行为变化的影响。
一项干预研究于2007年5月启动，涵盖了波兰比亚韦斯托克8所公立初中的859名一年级学童，这些学童来自33所学校的3318名学童。样本通过两阶段分层抽样选取，分为两组：接受教育行动的干预组（417名学童）和未开展反烟草教育的对照组（442名学童）。在教育计划实施前和结束后，基于一项调查对初中青少年关于尼古丁成瘾的知识、态度和行为进行了评估。教育部分包括在两年内开展4次关于烟草相关问题的教育课程和2次竞赛。
两年后，在接受教育计划的青少年组中，了解吸烟负面影响的学童比例显著增加了11.6%，确信吸烟有害的学童比例增加了4.4%。关于青少年的态度，在分析的六个组成部分中只有一个观察到了该计划的效果。在完成为期两年的教育计划后，该计划覆盖组和对照组中的吸烟者比例均显著增加（分别增加了12.8%和12.7%）。
有必要从反尼古丁计划的实际硬效果（行为变化）和间接效果——软效果（知识、技能）两方面评估健康教育计划，这些软效果是潜在验证该计划以提高其有效性的基础。
